Annual report pursuant to Section 13 and 15(d)

10. Income Taxes (Tables)

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10. Income Taxes (Tables)
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2016
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]  
Components of loss before income taxes
    Year ended December 31,  
    2016     2015  
Domestic (U.S.)   $ (12,253,271 )   $ (7,724,418 )
Foreign (U.K.)     (41,837,056 )     (4,767,363 )
Foreign (Germany)     (115,779 )     (15,690 )
Loss before income taxes   $ (54,206,106 )   $ (12,507,471 )
Reconciliation of income tax provision (benefit)
    Year ended December 31,  
    2016     2015  
Federal   $ (18,429,763 )   $ (4,252,540 )
State     (455,191 )     (276,601 )
Increase in tax losses not recognized     9,751,401       2,238,879  
Permanent differences, net     780,836       800,891  
Mark to market     992,621       722,540  
Foreign rate differential     6,923,116       502,357  
Share-based payments, net     524,131       308,888  
Enhanced research and development tax credits     (87,151 )     (44,414 )
Net provision (benefit) for income taxes   $     $  
Schedule of deferred tax assets and liabilities
    Year ended December 31,  
    2016     2015  
Deferred tax assets:                
U.K. net operating loss carryforwards   $ 6,868,717     $ 9,402,398  
U.K. capital loss carryforwards     1,259,062       1,775,932  
U.S. federal net operating loss carryforwards     3,061,669       1,659,050  
IPR&D     6,630,745        
Share-based payments     1,534,992       1,313,226  
Enhanced research and development tax credits     796,256       852,272  
Germany net operating loss carryforwards     424,432       401,906  
U.S. state net operating loss carryforwards     749,812       422,622  
Accrued expenses     174,424       44,557  
Depreciation     3,673       25,823  
Other           4,998  
Total deferred tax assets before valuation allowance     21,503,782       15,902,784  

Valuation allowance for deferred tax assets

    (21,503,782 )     (15,324,438 )
Deferred tax liabilities:                
Indefinite-lived intangible asset     (2,918,518 )     (2,918,518 )
Debt discount           (578,346 )
Total deferred tax liabilities     (2,918,518 )     (3,496,864 )
Net deferred tax assets and liabilities   $ (2,918,518 )   $ (2,918,518 )
Uncertain tax benefits
      Year ended December 31,  
      2016       2015  
Uncertain tax benefits as of January 1   $     $  
Gross adjustments in tax positions            
Uncertain tax positions as of December 31   $     $