Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Policies) |
12 Months Ended | |||||||||||||||
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Dec. 31, 2013 | ||||||||||||||||
| Accounting Policies [Abstract] | ||||||||||||||||
| Principles of Consolidation |
Principles of Consolidation The financial statements of the Company include the accounts of Xenetic Biosciences plc and its wholly owned subsidiaries; Lipoxen Technologies Limited, Xenetic Bioscience, Incorporated, and SymbioTec GmbH (“SymbioTec”). All material intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated on consolidation.
In accordance with the reverse acquisition guidance in Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) Topic 805 Business Combinations (“ASC 805”), the consolidated financial statements of the Company (the accounting acquiree) are a continuation of the financial statements of Xenetic UK (the accounting acquirer), adjusted to retroactively change Xenetic UK’s legal capital to reflect the legal capital of the Company. This adjustment has been calculated based upon the share exchange ratio of 56 new shares of Company common stock for every whole 175 shares of Xenetic UK capital stock previously issued and outstanding. Comparative information preserved in these consolidated financial statements is also retroactively adjusted to reflect the legal capital of the Company. |
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| Use of Estimates |
Use of Estimates The preparation of the financial statements in accordance with US GAAP requires management to make estimates, judgments and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, the reported amounts of revenue and expenses in the financial statements and disclosures in the accompanying notes. Actual results and outcomes may differ materially from management’s estimates, judgments and assumptions. |
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| Fair Value of Financial Instruments |
Fair Value of Financial Instruments ASC Topic 820 Fair Value Measurement defines fair value as the price that would be received to sell an asset or be paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. The Company applies the following fair value hierarchy, which prioritizes the inputs used to measure fair value into three levels and bases the categorization within the hierarchy upon the lowest level of input that is available and significant to the fair value measurement. Level 1 inputs are quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities that the reporting entity has the ability to access at the measurement date. Level 2 utilizes quoted market prices in markets that are not active, broker or dealer quotations, or alternative pricing sources with reasonable levels of price transparency. Level 3 inputs are unobservable inputs for the asset or liability in which there is little, if any, market activity for the asset or liability at the measurement date. The Company’s cash and cash equivalents are measured at fair value on a recurring basis and classified as Level 1 in the fair value hierarchy because they are valued using quoted prices for the years ended December 31, 2013 and 2012. The carrying amount of certain of the Company’s financial instruments approximate fair value due to their short maturities. |
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| Cash, Cash Equivalents and Investments |
Cash, Cash Equivalents and Investments The Company considers all highly liquid investments with maturities of 90 days or less from the date of purchase to be cash equivalents. Investments with original maturities of greater than 90 days from the date of purchase but less than one year from the balance sheet date are classified as short-term investments, while investments with maturities of one year or beyond from the balance sheet date are classified as long-term investments. Management determines the appropriate classification of its cash equivalents and investment securities at the time of purchase and re-evaluates such determination as of each balance sheet date. |
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| Restricted Cash |
Restricted Cash As of December 31, 2013, restricted cash represents a certificate of deposit that matures annually, and secures the Company’s outstanding letter of credit of $66,000 for the operating lease for new office and laboratory space in Lexington, Massachusetts. The letter of credit is required to be maintained through the term of the lease, which expires in January 2019. |
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| Accounts Receivable and Amounts Due from Collaboration Partners |
Accounts Receivable and Amounts Due from Collaboration Partners Accounts receivable are amounts due from third parties and collaboration partners as a result of research and development services provided or license fees due but not yet paid. The Company considered the need for an allowance for doubtful accounts and has concluded that no allowance was needed as of December 31, 2013 or 2012, as the estimated risk of loss on its accounts receivable was determined to be minimal. Historically, the Company has fully collected all accounts receivables from third parties and collaboration partners within their respective payment periods and in accordance with the Company’s payment terms. |
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| Concentration of Credit Risk |
Concentration of Credit Risk Financial instruments that subject the Company to concentrations of credit risk include cash and accounts receivable. The Company maintains cash and cash equivalents with various major financial institutions. The Company performs periodic evaluations of the relative credit standing of these financial institutions and limits the amount of credit exposure with any one institution. Accounts receivable represent amounts due from collaboration partners. The Company monitors economic conditions to identify facts or circumstances that may indicate that any of its accounts receivable are at risk. As of December 31, 2012, a single collaboration partner accounted for 100% of the Company’s accounts receivable. Refer to Note 4, Significant Strategic Drug Development Collaborations, for additional information regarding the Company’s collaboration agreements. The Company had no accounts receivable as of December 31, 2013. |
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| Property and Equipment |
Property and Equipment The Company records property and equipment at cost less accumulated depreciation. Expenditures for major renewals and improvements which extend the life or usefulness of the asset are capitalized. Items of an ordinary repair or maintenance nature are charged directly to operating expense as incurred. The Company calculates depreciation using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the assets:
The Company eliminates the cost of assets retired or otherwise disposed of, along with the corresponding accumulated depreciation, from the related accounts, and the resulting gain or loss is reflected in the results of operations. |
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| Indefinite-Lived Intangible Assets |
Indefinite-Lived Intangible Assets Acquired indefinite-lived intangible assets consist of In-Process Research and Development (“IPR&D”) related to the Company’s business combination with SymbioTec, which were recorded at fair value on the acquisition date. IPR&D intangible assets are considered indefinite-lived intangible assets until completion or abandonment of the associated research and development efforts. Substantial additional research and development may be required before the Company’s IPR&D reaches technological feasibility. Upon completion of the IPR&D project, the IPR&D assets will be amortized over their estimated useful lives. In accordance with ASC Topic 350 Intangibles - Goodwill and Other (“ASC 350”), the Company assesses intangible assets with indefinite lives for impairment using the two-step impairment test at least annually on October 1, or when events or changes in the business environment indicate the carrying value may not be fully recoverable. In addition, the Company utilizes an independent third party to assist in the determination of the fair value of the Company’s indefinite-lived intangible assets. Pursuant to Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) No. 2012-02, Intangibles – Goodwill and Other (Topic 350): Testing Indefinite-Lived Intangible Assets for Impairment, the Company has the option to first assess qualitative factors to determine whether the existence of events or circumstances leads to the determination that it is more likely than not (that is, a likelihood of more than 50%) that the acquired IPR&D is impaired. If the Company chooses to first assess the qualitative factors and it is determined that it is not more likely than not acquired IPR&D is impaired, the Company is not required to take further action to test for impairment. The Company also has the option to bypass the qualitative assessment and perform only the quantitative impairment test, which the Company may choose to perform in some periods but not in others. The determinations as to whether, and, if so, the extent to which, acquired IPR&D become impaired are highly judgmental and based on significant assumptions regarding the projected future financial condition and operating results, changes in the manner of the use and development of the acquired assets, the Company’s overall business strategy, and regulatory, market and economic environment and trends. No impairment was recorded during the year ended December 31, 2013. In the year ended December 31, 2012, IPR&D acquired from Serum Institute of India Limited (“Serum Institute”) was immediately impaired as it was not acquired in connection with a business combination. IPR&D that is acquired in a transaction that is not a business combination is not capitalized but expensed in the period acquired. Refer to Note 4, Significant Strategic Drug Development Collaborations, for further discussion on IPR&D acquired in a transaction that does not meet the criteria for a business combination. |
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| Goodwill |
Goodwill Goodwill is comprised of the purchase price of business combinations in excess of the fair value assigned at acquisition to the net tangible and identifiable intangible assets acquired. Goodwill was assigned to the Company’s single reporting unit at the date of the acquisition of SymbioTec. Goodwill is not amortized, but in accordance with ASC 350, the Company assesses goodwill for impairment using the two-step impairment test at least annually, or when events or changes in the business environment indicate the carrying value may not be fully recoverable. The Company performs its annual impairment review on October 1. Pursuant to ASU No. 2011-08, Intangibles – Goodwill and Other (Topic 350) – Testing Goodwill for Impairment, the Company has the option to first assess qualitative factors to determine whether the existence of events or circumstances leads to the determination that it is more likely than not (that is, a likelihood of more than 50%) that goodwill is impaired. If the Company chooses to first assess qualitative factors and it is determined that it is not more likely than not goodwill is impaired, the Company is not required to take further action to test for impairment. The Company also has the option to bypass the qualitative assessment and perform only the quantitative impairment test, which the Company may choose to do in some periods but not in others. In addition, the Company assesses market conditions, industry developments and internal operations to determine if events or changes in the business environment indicate the carrying value of goodwill may not be fully recoverable. No impairments were recorded during the years ended December 31, 2013 or 2012. |
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| Impairment of Long-Lived Assets |
Impairment of Long-Lived Assets In accordance with ASC Topic 360 Property, Plant and Equipment, the Company reviews long-lived assets to be held and used, including property and equipment, for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of the assets or asset group may not be fully recoverable. No such impairments were recorded during the years ended December 31, 2013 or 2012. Evaluation of recoverability is based on an estimate of undiscounted future cash flows resulting from the use of the asset or asset group and its eventual disposition. Impairment, if any, is calculated as the amount by which an asset’s carrying value exceeds its fair value, typically using discounted cash flows to determine fair value. |
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| Foreign Currency Translation |
Foreign Currency Translation The Company’s reporting currency is US dollars. During the years ended December 31, 2013 and 2012, the Company had operations in the United Kingdom (“UK”), United States (“US”) and Germany. The functional currencies of the operations in the UK, US and Germany are their local currencies: British pounds sterling, US dollars and euros, respectively. Assets and liabilities of foreign operations are translated to US dollars at the exchange rate in effect at the balance sheet date and revenue and expenses at the average exchange rate for the period. Gains and losses from the translation of the consolidated financial statements of foreign subsidiaries into US dollars are included in stockholders’ equity as a component of other comprehensive income. The Company does not record tax provisions or benefits for the net changes in foreign currency translation adjustments, as the company intends to permanently reinvest undistributed earnings in its foreign subsidiaries. Realized and unrealized gains and losses resulting from foreign currency transactions arising from exchange rate fluctuations on balances denominated in currencies other than the functional currencies, are recognized in “Other (expense) income” in the consolidated statements of comprehensive loss. Monetary assets and liabilities that are denominated in a currency other than the functional currency are re-measured to the functional currency using the exchange rate at the balance sheet date and gains or losses are recorded in “Other (expense) income” in the consolidated statements of comprehensive loss. |
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| Revenue Recognition |
Revenue Recognition The Company enters into supply, license and collaboration arrangements with pharmaceutical and biotechnology partners, some of which include royalty agreements based on potential net sales of approved commercial pharmaceutical products. The Company recognizes revenue in accordance with the authoritative guidance, ASC Topic 605, Revenue Recognition. The Company recognizes revenue when all of the following criteria are met: (i) persuasive evidence of an arrangement exists, (ii) delivery (or passage of title) has occurred or services have been rendered, (iii) the seller’s price to the buyer is fixed or determinable, and (iv) collectability is reasonably assured. Supply services Supply services are primarily derived from cost-plus and fixed price supply agreements with the Company’s collaboration partners and revenue is recognized when there is persuasive evidence that an arrangement exists, delivery has occurred in accordance to sales terms, the price is fixed or determinable, and collection is reasonably assured. The Company has not experienced any significant returns from customers. License, collaboration and other The terms of the Company’s license agreements include delivery of an Intellectual Property (“IP”) license to a collaboration partner. The Company may be compensated under license arrangements through a combination of non-refundable upfront payments, development and regulatory objective payments and royalty payments on future product sales by partners. Non-refundable upfront payments and development and regulatory objective payments received by the Company in license and collaboration arrangements that include future obligations, such as supply obligations, are recognized ratably over the Company’s expected performance period under each respective arrangement. The Company makes its best estimate of the period over which the Company expects to fulfill the Company’s performance obligations, which may include technology transfer assistance, research activities, clinical development activities, and manufacturing activities from development through the commercialization of the product. Given the uncertainties of these collaboration arrangements, significant judgment is required to determine the duration of the performance period. Non-refundable upfront license fees received, whereby continued performance or future obligations are considered inconsequential or perfunctory to the relevant licensed technology, are recognized as revenue upon delivery of the technology. The Company expects to recognize royalty revenue in the period of sale, based on the underlying contract terms, provided that the reported sales are reliably measurable and the Company has no remaining performance obligations, assuming all other revenue recognition criteria are met. Reimbursements for research and development services completed by the Company related to the collaboration agreements are recognized in operations as revenue on a gross basis. The Company’s license and collaboration agreements with certain collaboration partners could also provide for future payments to the Company based solely upon the performance of the respective collaboration partner in consideration of deadline extensions or upon the achievement of specified sales volumes of approved drugs. For such payments, the Company expects to recognize the payments as revenue when earned under the applicable contract terms on a performance basis or ratably over the term of the agreement. These payments may also be recognized as revenue when continued performance or future obligations by the Company are considered inconsequential or perfunctory. Refer to Note 4, Significant Strategic Drug Development Collaborations, for discussion on arrangements with specific collaboration partners. |
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| Cost of Revenue |
Cost of Revenue The Company expects to recognize costs of revenue related to the Company’s supply services in the same period revenue is recognized from supply services. |
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| Research and Development Expenses |
Research and Development Expenses Research and development expenses consist of expenses incurred in performing research and development activities, including compensation and benefits, facilities expenses, overhead expenses, clinical trial and related clinical manufacturing expenses, fees paid to Clinical Research Organizations and other outside expenses. The Company expenses research and development costs as incurred. The Company records non-refundable advance payments made for research and development services prior to the services being rendered as prepaid expenses on the consolidated balance sheets and expenses them as the services are provided. The value ascribed to intangible assets acquired but which have not met capitalization criteria is expensed as research and development at the time of acquisition. |
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| Share-Based Compensation |
Share-Based Compensation Stock options The Company grants share-based payments in the form of options to employees and non-employees, Joint Share Ownership Plan (“JSOP”) awards to employees, as well as agreements to issue common stock in exchange for services provided by non-employees. The Company measures share-based payments in accordance with ASC Topic 718, Compensation – Stock Compensation. Stock option compensation expenses are based on the fair value of the underlying option calculated using the Black-Scholes option pricing model. Determining the appropriate fair value model and related assumptions requires judgment, including estimating share price volatility and expected terms of the awards. Refer to Note 12, Share-Based Compensation, for additional information regarding these assumptions. For employee options, the fair value measurement date is generally on the date of grant and the related compensation expense is recognized on a straight-line basis over the requisite period of the awards, less expense for expected forfeitures. Share-based compensation expense related to stock options granted to non-employees is recognized as the services are rendered on a straight-line basis. For non-employee options, the fair value measurement date is the earlier of the date the performance of services is complete or the date the performance commitment has been reached. The Company generally determines the fair value of the stock options is more reliably measurable than the fair value of the services received. Compensation expense related to stock options granted to non-employees is subject to re-measurement at each reporting period until the options vest. The Company estimates forfeitures at the time of grant and revises those estimates in subsequent periods if actual forfeitures differ from those estimates. Upon exercise, stock options are redeemed for newly issued shares of common stock. Common stock awards The Company grants common stock awards to non-employees in exchange for services provided. The Company generally measures the fair value of these awards using the fair value of the services provided as it is a more reliable measure of the fair value of the awards. The fair value measurement date of these awards is generally the date the performance of services is complete. The fair value of the awards is recognized as services are rendered on a straight-line basis. Joint Share Ownership Plan awards The Company measures the fair value of JSOP awards using Monte Carlo simulations based on the terms of the plan, which includes vesting conditions based on the achievement of certain market conditions in the form of share price hurdles. Accordingly, the Company recognizes compensation expense related to its JSOP awards using a graded vesting model. Determination of the appropriate fair value model and related assumptions requires judgment, including estimating share price volatility and the expected term of the awards. Refer to Note 12, Share-Based Compensation, for additional information regarding JSOP awards. |
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| Warrants to Purchase Common Stock |
Warrants to Purchase Common Stock In connection with certain financing and collaboration arrangements, the Company issues warrants to purchase shares of its common stock to its collaborative partners. Outstanding warrants are standalone instruments that are not puttable or mandatorily redeemable by the holder and are classified as equity awards. The Company measures the fair value of the awards using the Black-Scholes option pricing model as of the measurement date. Warrants issued to collaboration partners in conjunction with the issuance of common stock are recorded at fair value as a reduction in additional paid-in capital of the common stock issued. All other warrants are recorded at fair value as compensation expense over the requisite service period or at the date of issuance, if there is not a service period. Warrants granted in connection with ongoing arrangements are more fully described in Note 10, Stockholders’ Equity. |
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| Income Taxes |
Income Taxes The Company records deferred income taxes to recognize the effect of temporary differences between tax and financial statement reporting. The Company calculates the deferred taxes using enacted tax rates expected to be in place when the temporary differences are realized and records a valuation allowance to reduce deferred tax assets if it is determined that it is more likely than not that all or a portion of the deferred tax asset will not be realized. The Company considers many factors when assessing the likelihood of future realization of deferred tax assets, including recent earnings results, expectations of future taxable income, carryforward periods available and other relevant factors. The Company records changes in the required valuation allowance in the period that the determination is made. As of December 31, 2013 and 2012, the Company had a full valuation allowance on the balance of its recognized deferred tax assets. The deferred tax liability recorded as of December 31, 2013 and 2012 relates to the acquisition of SymbioTec during 2012, refer to Note 3, Acquisitions, for additional information. The Company assesses its income tax positions and records tax benefits for all years subject to examination based upon management’s evaluation of the facts, circumstances and information available as of the reporting date. For those tax positions where it is more likely than not that a tax benefit will be sustained, the Company records the largest amount of tax benefit with a greater than 50% likelihood of being realized upon ultimate settlement with a taxing authority having full knowledge of all relevant information. For those income tax positions where it is not more likely than not that a tax benefit will be sustained, the Company does not recognize a tax benefit in the financial statements. The Company records interest and penalties related to uncertain tax positions, if applicable, as a component of income tax expense. Refer to Note 8, Income Taxes, for additional information regarding the Company’s income taxes. |
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| Basic and Diluted Net Loss per Share |
Basic and Diluted Net Loss per Share The Company computes basic net loss per share by dividing net loss attributable to common stockholders by the weighted-average number of shares of common stock outstanding during the period. The Company computes diluted net loss per share after giving consideration to the dilutive effect of stock options that are outstanding during the period, except where such non-participating securities would be anti-dilutive. The Company’s JSOP awards are considered treasury shares by the Company and thus do not impact the Company’s net loss per share calculation. Basic and diluted net loss per share are the same for the years ended December 31, 2013 and 2012 as the Company was in a net loss position. Potentially dilutive non-participating securities have not been included in the calculations of diluted net loss per share, as their inclusion would be anti-dilutive. |
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| Segment Information |
Segment Information Operating segments are identified as components of an enterprise about which separate discrete financial information is available for evaluation by the chief operating decision maker, or decision making group, in making decisions on how to allocate resources and assess performance. The Company views its operations and manages its business in one operating segment. |
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| Operating Leases |
Operating Leases The Company leases administrative and laboratory facilities under operating leases. Lease agreements may include rent holidays, rent escalation clauses and tenant improvement allowances. The Company recognizes scheduled rent increases on a straight-line basis over the lease term beginning with the date the Company takes possession of the leased space. |
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| Business Combinations |
Business Combinations The Company has a history of engaging in acquisition transactions that require us to evaluate whether the transaction meets the criteria of a business combination and, in some cases, whether it meets the definition of a reverse merger. For those acquisitions that meet the criteria for a reverse merger, the Company evaluates the entities involved to distinguish the appropriate accounting acquirer and acquiree according to ASC 805. If the transaction does not meet the reverse merger business combination requirements, the transaction is accounted for as a recapitalization and no goodwill or intangible assets are recognized. If the acquisition meets the definition of a business combination, the Company allocates the purchase price, including any contingent consideration, to the assets acquired and the liabilities assumed at their estimated fair values as of the date of the acquisition with any excess of the purchase price paid over the estimated fair value of net assets acquired recorded as goodwill. The fair value of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed is typically determined by using either estimates of replacement costs or discounted cash flow valuation methods. When determining the fair value of tangible assets acquired, the Company estimates the cost to replace the asset with a new asset taking into consideration such factors as age, condition and the economic useful life of the asset. When determining the fair value of intangible assets acquired, the Company uses judgment to estimate the applicable discount rate, growth rates and the timing and amount of future cash flows. The fair value of assets acquired and liabilities assumed is typically determined using the assistance of an independent third party specialist.
Acquisition related costs are expensed in the period in which the costs are incurred and the services are received. |
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| Recent Accounting Pronouncements |
Recent Accounting Pronouncements In February 2013, the FASB issued ASU No. 2013-02 Comprehensive Income (Topic 220) – Reporting of Amounts Reclassified Out of Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income. The new guidance provides information about the amounts reclassified out of accumulated other comprehensive income (“AOCI”) by component. An entity is required to present, either on the face of the financial statements or in the notes, significant amounts reclassified out of AOCI by the respective line items of net income, but only if the amount reclassified is required to be reclassified in its entirety in the same reporting period. For amounts that are not required to be reclassified in their entirety to net income, an entity is required to cross-reference to other disclosures that provide additional details about those amounts. On January 1, 2013 the Company adopted this standard, which had no impact on its financial position or results of operations. In July 2012, the FASB issued ASU No. 2012-02. The amended guidance provides information about an entity’s option to perform a qualitative analysis to assess whether the existence of events and circumstances indicates that it is more likely than not that indefinite-lived intangible assets other than goodwill are impaired. If, after assessing the totality of events and circumstances, an entity concludes that it is not more likely than not that the indefinite-lived intangible asset is impaired, then the entity is not required to take further action. However, if an entity concludes otherwise, it is required to perform the first step of the two-step impairment test by calculating the fair value of the indefinite-lived intangible asset and comparing the fair value with the carrying amount. If the carrying amount exceeds its fair value, then the entity is required to perform the second step to measure the amount of impairment loss. An entity also has the option to bypass the qualitative assessment for any indefinite-lived intangible asset in any period and proceed directly to performing the quantitative impairment test. On January 1, 2013 the Company early adopted this standard, which had no impact on its financial position or results of operations. In December 2011, the FASB issued ASU No. 2011-12, Comprehensive Income (Topic 220) – Deferral of the Effective Date for Amendments to the Presentation of Reclassifications of Items Out of Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income in Accounting Standards Update No. 2011-05 (“ASU 2011-12”). The amended guidance provides further information about the deferral of amendments to the presentation of reclassifications of items out of AOCI but does not affect ASU No. 2011-05 Comprehensive Income (Topic 220) – Presentation of Comprehensive Income (“ASU 2011-05”), which the Company adopted starting January 1, 2012. Under ASU 2011-05, a company may present the total of comprehensive income, the components of net income, and the components of other comprehensive income either in a single continuous statement of comprehensive income or in two separate but consecutive statements. In either case, a company is required to present each component of net income along with total net income, each component of other comprehensive income along with a total for other comprehensive income, and a total amount for comprehensive income. On January 1, 2012 the Company adopted ASU 2011-12, which had no impact on its financial position or results of operations. In September 2011, the FASB issued ASU No. 2011-08. The amended guidance provides information about an entity’s option to perform a qualitative analysis to determine whether the existence of events or circumstances leads to a determination that it is more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying amount. If after this assessment the entity determines it is not more likely than not that the fair value of the reporting unit is less than its carrying amount, then performing the quantitative two-step impairment test is unnecessary. However, if an entity concludes otherwise, it is required to perform the first step of the two-step impairment test by calculating the fair value of the reporting unit and comparing the fair value with the carrying amount of the reporting unit. If the carrying amount of the reporting unit exceeds its fair value, then the entity is required to perform the second step to measure the amount of impairment loss. An entity also has the option to bypass the qualitative assessment in any period and proceed directly to performing the quantitative impairment test. On January 1, 2012 the Company adopted this standard, which had no impact on its financial position or results of operations. In May 2011, the FASB issued ASU No. 2011-04 Fair Value Measurement (Topic 820) – Amendments to Achieve Common Fair Value Measurement, which includes amended guidance on fair value measurements. This newly issued accounting standard clarifies the application of certain existing fair value measurement guidance and expands the disclosures for fair value measurements that are estimated using significant unobservable (Level 3) inputs. This accounting standard was effective on a prospective basis for annual and interim reporting periods beginning on or after December 15, 2011. The adoption of this standard has not had a material impact on the Company’s financial position or results of operations. |