7. Share-Based Compensation (Details - Share based compensation) - USD ($)  | 
3 Months Ended | |
|---|---|---|
Mar. 31, 2018  | 
Mar. 31, 2017  | 
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| Share-based compensation | $ 406,194 | $ 665,997 | 
| Research and Development Expense [Member] | ||
| Share-based compensation | 60,345 | 109,533 | 
| Administrative Expense [Member] | ||
| Share-based compensation | $ 345,849 | $ 556,464 | 
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- Definition Represents the expense recognized during the period arising from equity-based compensation arrangements (for example, shares of stock, unit, stock options or other equity instruments) with employees, directors and certain consultants qualifying for treatment as employees. Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef 
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