8. Share-Based Compensation (Details - Share based compensation) - USD ($) |
3 Months Ended | 9 Months Ended | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
Sep. 30, 2017 |
Sep. 30, 2016 |
Sep. 30, 2017 |
Sep. 30, 2016 |
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| Share-based compensation | $ 301,991 | $ 616,933 | $ 1,491,855 | $ 2,635,196 |
| Research and Development Expense [Member] | ||||
| Share-based compensation | 29,598 | 113,976 | 151,377 | 1,348,216 |
| Administrative Expense [Member] | ||||
| Share-based compensation | $ 272,393 | $ 502,957 | $ 1,340,478 | $ 1,286,980 |
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- Definition Represents the expense recognized during the period arising from equity-based compensation arrangements (for example, shares of stock, unit, stock options or other equity instruments) with employees, directors and certain consultants qualifying for treatment as employees. Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef
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