8. Share-Based Compensation (Details - Share based compensation) - USD ($) |
3 Months Ended | 9 Months Ended | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
Sep. 30, 2016 |
Sep. 30, 2015 |
Sep. 30, 2016 |
Sep. 30, 2015 |
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| Share-based compensation | $ 616,933 | $ 2,057,519 | $ 2,635,196 | $ 2,294,717 |
| Research and Development Expense [Member] | ||||
| Share-based compensation | 113,976 | 282,532 | 1,348,216 | 433,413 |
| Administrative Expense [Member] | ||||
| Share-based compensation | $ 502,957 | $ 1,774,987 | $ 1,286,980 | $ 1,861,304 |
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- Definition Represents the expense recognized during the period arising from equity-based compensation arrangements (for example, shares of stock, unit, stock options or other equity instruments) with employees, directors and certain consultants qualifying for treatment as employees. Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef
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