UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, DC 20549
FORM
For the quarterly period ended
or
For the transition period from to
Commission File Number:
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
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(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization) |
(IRS Employer Identification No.) |
(Address of principal executive offices and zip code)
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Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:
| Title of each class | Trading Symbol(s) | Name of each exchange on which registered |
| The Stock Market | ||
| The |
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant
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Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act:
| Large accelerated filer | ☐ | Accelerated filer | ☐ | |
| ☒ | Smaller reporting company | |||
| Emerging growth company |
If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐
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As of May 5, 2023, the number of outstanding shares of the registrant’s common stock was .
XENETIC BIOSCIENCES, INC.
FORM 10-Q
QUARTERLY PERIOD ENDED MARCH 31, 2023
| 2 |
PART I – FINANCIAL INFORMATION
ITEM 1 - FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
XENETIC BIOSCIENCES, INC.
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
March 31, 2023 | December 31, 2022 | |||||||
| (Unaudited) | ||||||||
| ASSETS | ||||||||
| Current assets: | ||||||||
| Cash | $ | $ | ||||||
| Prepaid expenses and other | ||||||||
| Total current assets | ||||||||
| Other assets | ||||||||
| Total assets | $ | $ | ||||||
| LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY | ||||||||
| Current liabilities: | ||||||||
| Accounts payable | $ | $ | ||||||
| Accrued expenses and other current liabilities | ||||||||
| Total current liabilities | ||||||||
| Total liabilities | ||||||||
| Commitments and contingencies (Note 9) | ||||||||
| Stockholders' equity: | ||||||||
| Preferred stock, shares authorized | ||||||||
| Series B, $ par value: shares issued and outstanding as of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022 | ||||||||
| Series A, $ par value: shares issued and outstanding as of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022 | ||||||||
| Common stock, $ par value; shares authorized as of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022; shares issued as of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022; shares outstanding as of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022 | ||||||||
| Additional paid in capital | ||||||||
| Accumulated deficit | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||
| Accumulated other comprehensive income | ||||||||
| Treasury stock | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||
| Total stockholders' equity | ||||||||
| Total liabilities and stockholders' equity | $ | $ | ||||||
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.
| 3 |
XENETIC BIOSCIENCES, INC.
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS
(Unaudited)
| Three Months Ended March 31, | ||||||||
| 2023 | 2022 | |||||||
| Revenue: | ||||||||
| Royalty revenue | $ | $ | ||||||
| Total revenue | ||||||||
| Operating costs and expenses: | ||||||||
| Research and development | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||
| General and administrative | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||
| Total operating costs and expenses | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||
| Loss from operations | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||
| Other income: | ||||||||
| Other income | ||||||||
| Interest income | ||||||||
| Total other income | ||||||||
| Net loss | $ | ( | ) | $ | ( | ) | ||
| Basic and diluted loss per share | $ | ) | $ | ) | ||||
| Weighted-average shares of common stock outstanding, basic and diluted | ||||||||
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.
| 4 |
XENETIC BIOSCIENCES, INC.
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY
(Unaudited)
THREE MONTHS ENDED MARCH 31, 2023
| Preferred Stock | Common Stock | Accumulated | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Number of Shares | Par Value ($0.001) | Number of Shares | Par Value ($0.001) | Additional Paid in Capital | Accumulated Deficit | Other Comprehensive Income | Treasury Stock | Total Stockholders' Equity | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Balance as of January 1, 2023 | $ | $ | $ | $ | ( | ) | $ | $ | ( | ) | $ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Share-based expense | – | – | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net loss | – | – | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Balance as of March 31, 2023 | $ | $ | $ | $ | ( | ) | $ | $ | ( | ) | $ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
THREE MONTHS ENDED MARCH 31, 2022
| Preferred Stock | Common Stock | Accumulated | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Number of Shares | Par Value ($0.001) | Number of Shares | Par Value ($0.001) | Additional Paid in Capital | Accumulated Deficit | Other Comprehensive Income | Treasury Stock | Total Stockholders' Equity | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Balance as of January 1, 2022 | $ | $ | $ | $ | ( | ) | $ | $ | ( | ) | $ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Share-based expense | – | – | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Exercise of purchase warrants | – | ( | ) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net loss | – | – | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Balance as of March 31, 2022 | $ | $ | $ | $ | ( | ) | $ | $ | ( | ) | $ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.
| 5 |
XENETIC BIOSCIENCES, INC.
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
(Unaudited)
| Three Months Ended March 31, | ||||||||
| 2023 | 2022 | |||||||
| CASH FLOWS FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES: | ||||||||
| Net loss | $ | ( | ) | $ | ( | ) | ||
| Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash used in operating activities: | ||||||||
| Amortization of right of use asset | ||||||||
| Share-based expense | ||||||||
| Changes in operating assets and liabilities: | ||||||||
| Prepaid expenses and other | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||
| Other assets | ( | ) | ||||||
| Accounts payable, accrued expenses and other liabilities | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||
| Net cash used in operating activities | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||
| Net change in cash | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||
| Cash at beginning of period | ||||||||
| Cash at end of period | $ | $ | ||||||
| SUPPLEMENTAL CASH FLOW INFORMATION: | ||||||||
| Cash paid for interest | $ | $ | ||||||
| SUPPLEMENTAL SCHEDULE OF NON-CASH INVESTING AND FINANCING ACTIVITIES: | ||||||||
| Issuance of common stock from cashless exercise of purchase warrants | $ | $ | ||||||
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.
| 6 |
XENETIC BIOSCIENCES, INC.
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Unaudited)
| 1. | The Company |
Background
Xenetic Biosciences, Inc. (“Xenetic” or the “Company”), incorporated in the state of Nevada and based in Framingham, Massachusetts, is a biopharmaceutical company focused on advancing innovative immune-oncology technologies addressing hard to treat cancers. The Company’s proprietary Deoxyribonuclease (“DNase”) platform is designed to improve outcomes of existing treatments, including immunotherapies, by targeting neutrophil extracellular traps (“NETs”), which have been implicated in cancer progression and resistance to cancer treatments. Xenetic is currently focused on advancing its systemic DNase program into the clinic as an adjunctive therapy for pancreatic carcinoma and locally advanced or metastatic solid tumors. XCART™ is the Company’s personalized Chimeric Antigen Receptor (“CAR”) T platform technology engineered to target patient specific tumor neoantigens with a demonstrated proof of mechanism in B-cell lymphomas. Additionally, Xenetic has partnered with biotechnology and pharmaceutical companies to develop its proprietary drug delivery platform, PolyXen®, and receives royalty payments under an exclusive license arrangement in the field of blood coagulation disorders.
As used in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q (“Quarterly Report”), unless otherwise indicated, all references herein to “Xenetic,” the “Company,” “we” or “us” refer to Xenetic Biosciences, Inc. and its wholly-owned subsidiaries.
The Company, directly or indirectly, through its wholly-owned subsidiaries, Hesperix S.A. (“Hesperix”) and Xenetic Biosciences (U.K.) Limited (“Xenetic UK”), and the wholly-owned subsidiaries of Xenetic UK, Lipoxen Technologies Limited (“Lipoxen”), Xenetic Bioscience, Incorporated and SymbioTec, GmbH (“SymbioTec”), own various United States (“U.S.”) federal trademark registrations and applications along with unregistered trademarks and service marks, including but not limited to XCART, OncoHist™, PolyXen, ErepoXen™, and ImuXen™, which are used throughout this Quarterly Report. All other company and product names may be trademarks of the respective companies with which they are associated.
Going Concern and Management’s Plan
Management evaluates whether there are conditions or events, considered in the aggregate that raise substantial doubt about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern within one year after the date that the financial statements are issued. The Company has incurred substantial losses since its inception and expects to continue to incur operating losses in the near-term. These factors raise substantial doubt about its ability to continue as a going concern. The Company believes that it has access to capital resources through possible public or private equity offerings, debt financings, corporate collaborations, related party funding, or other means to continue as a going concern. The Company believes that its existing resources will be adequate to fund the Company’s operations for a period of at least twelve months from the date of these financial statements. However, the Company anticipates it may need additional capital in the long-term to pursue its business initiatives. The terms, timing and extent of any future financing will depend upon several factors, including the achievement of progress in its product development programs, its ability to identify and enter into licensing or other strategic arrangements, its continued listing on the Nasdaq Stock Market (“Nasdaq”), and factors related to financial, economic, geo-political, industry and market conditions, many of which are beyond its control. The capital markets for the biotech industry can be highly volatile, which make the terms, timing and extent of any future financing uncertain. On June 3, 2022, the Company received a written notification (the “Notice”) from the Listing Qualifications Department of Nasdaq notifying the Company that the closing bid price for its common stock had been below $1.00 for 30 consecutive business days and that the Company therefore was not in compliance with the minimum bid price requirement for continued inclusion on the Nasdaq Capital Market under Nasdaq Listing Rule 5550(a)(2) (the “Bid Price Requirement”). The Notice has no immediate effect on the listing of the Company’s common stock on the Nasdaq Capital Market. Under the Nasdaq Listing Rules, the Company had a period of 180 calendar days from the date of the Notice to regain compliance with the Bid Price Requirement. Accordingly, the Company had until November 30, 2022 to regain compliance with the Bid Price Requirement and was eligible for an additional 180 calendar day compliance period if certain other criteria were met. On December 1, 2022, the Company received a letter from Nasdaq informing it that although the Company’s common stock had not regained compliance with the minimum $1.00 bid price per share requirement, Nasdaq had determined that the Company was eligible for an additional 180 calendar day period, or until May 29, 2023, to regain compliance. Nasdaq’s determination was based on the Company meeting the continued listing requirement for market value of publicly held shares and all other applicable requirements for initial listing on the Nasdaq Capital Market with the exception of the bid price requirement, and the Company’s written notice of its intention to cure the deficiency during the second compliance period by effecting a reverse stock split, if necessary.
| 7 |
| 2. | Risks and Uncertainties |
Effects of the COVID-19 Pandemic
During March 2020, a global pandemic was declared by the World Health Organization related to the outbreak of a novel strain of coronavirus, or COVID-19. The pandemic significantly affected economic conditions in the U.S., accelerating during the first half of March 2020 and continuing throughout 2021 and 2022 and into 2023, as federal, state and local governments reacted to the public health crisis with mitigation measures, creating significant uncertainties in the U.S. economy. The Company continues to evaluate the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on its business and while there has been no significant impact to the Company’s operations to date, the Company at this time remains uncertain of the impact this event may have on the Company’s future operations. The extent to which the COVID-19 pandemic affects our business, operations and financial results will depend on numerous evolving factors that we may not be able to accurately predict, and such uncertainty is expected to continue for some time.
Impact of the conflict in Ukraine on Operations
The short and long-term implications of Russia’s invasion of Ukraine are difficult to predict at this time. The imposition of sanctions and counter sanctions may have an adverse effect on the economic markets generally and could impact our business, financial condition, and results of operations.
| 3. | Summary of Significant Accounting Policies |
Preparation of Interim Financial Statements
The accompanying condensed consolidated interim financial statements were prepared by the Company pursuant to the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) and, in the opinion of management, include all normal and recurring adjustments necessary to present fairly the results of the interim periods shown. Certain information and footnote disclosures normally included in financial statements prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles have been condensed or omitted pursuant to such SEC rules and regulations. Management believes that the disclosures made are adequate to make the information presented not misleading. The results for the interim periods are not necessarily indicative of results for the full year. The condensed consolidated financial statements contained herein should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and notes thereto included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022 filed with the SEC on March 22, 2023, and amended on April 28, 2023.
Principles of Consolidation
The condensed consolidated financial statements of the Company include the accounts of Hesperix, Xenetic UK and Xenetic UK’s wholly owned subsidiaries: Lipoxen, Xenetic Bioscience, Incorporated, and SymbioTec. All intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.
Cash and concentrations of credit risk
The Company considers all highly liquid investments with an original maturity of 90 days or less from the date of purchase to be cash equivalents. Investments with original maturities of greater than 90 days from the date of purchase but less than one year from the balance sheet date are classified as short-term investments, while investments with maturities of one year or beyond from the balance sheet date are classified as long-term investments. Management determines the appropriate classification of its cash equivalents and investment securities at the time of purchase and re-evaluates such determination as of each balance sheet date. The carrying amount of cash equivalents approximate their fair value due to the short-term nature of these instruments.
| 8 |
Financial instruments that potentially subject the Company to credit risk consist primarily of cash on deposit with financial institutions, the balances of which frequently exceed federally insured limits. On March 10, 2023, Silicon Valley Bank (“SVB”) was closed by the California Department of Financial Protection and Innovation, which appointed the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (“FDIC”) as receiver. The Company’s cash consisted primarily of money market funds held at SVB. On March 12, 2023, the U.S. Treasury, Federal Reserve and FDIC rolled out emergency measures to fully protect all depositors of SVB and on March 13, 2023, we had full access to our cash on deposit with SVB. As of March 31, 2023, the Company had transferred its primary banking relationship to a large financial institution and all cash on deposit is covered under federally insured limits.
The Company computes basic net loss per share by dividing net loss applicable to common stockholders by the weighted-average number of shares of the Company’s common stock outstanding during the period. The Company computes diluted net loss per share after giving consideration to the dilutive effect of stock options that are outstanding during the period, except where such non-participating securities would be anti-dilutive.
For the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, basic and diluted net loss per share are the same for each respective period due to the Company’s net loss position. Potentially dilutive, non-participating securities have not been included in the calculations of diluted net loss per share, as their inclusion would be anti-dilutive.
Recently Adopted Accounting Standards
In June 2016, the Financial Accounting Standards Board issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2016-13, Financial Instruments - Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments. The guidance modified the measurement and recognition of credit losses for most financial assets and certain other instruments. The amendment updated the guidance for measuring and recording credit losses on financial assets measured at amortized cost by replacing the “incurred loss” model with an “expected loss” model. This may result in earlier recognition of allowance for losses. The Company adopted ASU 2016-13 as of January 1, 2023 and the adoption did not have a material effect on our consolidated financial statements.
| 4. | Significant Strategic Collaborations |
Takeda Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd. ( together with its wholly-owned subsidiaries, “Takeda”)
In October 2017, the Company granted to Takeda
the right to grant a non-exclusive sublicense to certain patents related to the Company’s PolyXen technology that were previously
exclusively licensed to Takeda in connection with products related to the treatment of blood and bleeding disorders. Royalty payments
of approximately $
CLS Therapeutics Ltd. (“CLS”)
On April 26, 2022, the Company entered into an Exclusive Sublicense Agreement (the “Sublicense Agreement”) with CLS pursuant to which the Company received an exclusive license, under certain patent rights and know-how owned or controlled by CLS, to develop and commercialize pharmaceutical products and methods incorporating DNase enzyme for use in treatment of cancer (the “Sublicensed Products”). Under the terms of the Sublicense Agreement, the Company will have sole responsibility for, and shall use commercially reasonable efforts to, among other things, research, develop and obtain marketing approval for the Sublicensed Products in the U.S. and certain European markets, and to commercialize such Sublicensed Products in the relevant market once marketing approval is obtained.
| 9 |
Concurrent with the Sublicense Agreement, the Company entered into an Exclusive License Agreement (the “License Agreement”) with CLS, pursuant to which the Company received an exclusive license under certain patent rights and know-how owned or controlled by CLS to develop and commercialize pharmaceutical products and methods incorporating DNase in conjunction with CAR T therapies (the “Licensed Products”). Under the terms of the License Agreement, the Company will have sole responsibility for, and shall use commercially reasonable efforts to, among other things, research, develop and obtain marketing approval for the Licensed Products in the U.S. and certain European markets, and to commercialize such Licensed Products in the relevant market once marketing approval is obtained.
Volition Collaboration
On August 2, 2022, the Company announced a research and development collaboration with Volition to develop NETs-targeted adoptive cell therapies for the treatment of cancer. The collaboration is an early exploratory program to evaluate the potential combination of Volition’s Nu.Q® technology Test and the Company’s DNase-Armored CAR T platform to develop proprietary adoptive cell therapies potentially targeting multiple types of solid cancers. Under the terms of the collaboration agreement, Volition will fund a research program and the two parties will share proceeds from commercialization or licensing of any products arising from the collaboration.
Catalent Pharma Solutions LLC (“Catalent”)
On June 30, 2022, the Company entered into a
Statement of Work (the “SOW”) with Catalent to outline the general scope of work, timeline, and pricing pursuant to
which Catalent will provide certain services to the Company to perform cGMP manufacturing of the Company’s recombinant
protein, Human DNase I. The parties agreed to enter into a Master Services Agreement (“MSA”) that will contain terms and
conditions to govern the project contemplated by the SOW and that will supersede the addendum to the SOW containing Catalent's
standard terms and conditions. In addition, in the event of any conflict between the project-specific terms and conditions set forth
in the SOW and the MSA, the MSA terms and conditions shall govern. The estimated total cost of the project contemplated by the SOW
is expected to be up to approximately $5 million (exclusive of certain fees and potential alternatives) for the manufacturing
services over the course of the term of the project with each phase of the project invoiced separately in connection with the
commencement of such phase. Unless earlier amended or terminated, the manufacturing services contemplated by the SOW are currently
targeted to be completed by the first half of 2024. The SOW is terminable by the Company at any time with 30 days' prior written
notice to Catalent. The SOW also contains customary provisions related to, among other things, confidentiality, warranties,
intellectual property and indemnification. The Company has paid Catalent approximately $
Scripps Research
On March 17, 2023, the Company and Scripps Research
entered into a Research Funding and Option Agreement (the “Agreement”), pursuant to which the Company has agreed to provide
Scripps Research an aggregate of up to $
| 10 |
Unless earlier terminated, the term of the Agreement continues from the date of the Agreement for fifteen (15) months. The Agreement may be terminated by the Company with 30 days advance written notice to Scripps Research beginning six (6) months after the Effective Date (as defined in the Agreement) or by Scripps Research if the Company fails to make timely payments due under the Agreement, subject to 30 days’ written notice to cure such nonpayment. The Agreement may further be terminated by either party in the event of the other party’s uncured failure to perform any obligations under the Agreement or the bankruptcy of the other party.
Other Agreements
The Company has also entered into various research,
development, license and supply agreements with Serum Institute of India (“Serum Institute”), PJSC Pharmsynthez (“Pharmsynthez”)
and SynBio LLC (“SynBio”), a wholly owned subsidiary of Pharmsynthez. The Company and its collaborative partners continue
to engage in research and development activities with no resultant commercial products through March 31, 2023.
| 5. | Fair Value Measurements |
Accounting Standards Codification Topic 820, Fair
Value Measurement, defines fair value as the price that would be received to sell an asset or be paid to transfer a liability in an
orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. The Company applies the following fair value hierarchy, which
prioritizes the inputs used to measure fair value into three levels and bases the categorization within the hierarchy upon the lowest
level of input that is available and significant to the fair value measurement. Level 1 inputs are quoted prices in active markets for
identical assets or liabilities that the reporting entity has the ability to access at the measurement date. Level 2 utilizes quoted market
prices in markets that are not active, broker or dealer quotations, or alternative pricing sources with reasonable levels of price transparency.
Level 3 inputs are unobservable inputs for the asset or liability in which there is little, if any, market activity for the asset or liability
at the measurement date. As of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, the carrying amounts of the Company’s financial instruments
approximates fair value due to their short maturities. There were
| 6. | Stockholders’ Equity |
Warrants
In connection
with its July 2021 private placement, the Company issued warrants to purchase an aggregate of
In addition, the Company has publicly traded warrants
to purchase approximately
| 11 |
The Company also has outstanding warrants to purchase
approximately
| 7. | Share-Based Expense |
Total share-based expense related to stock options and restricted stock units (“RSUs”) was approximately $ during each of the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022.
Share-based expense is classified in the condensed consolidated statements of operations as follows:
| Three Months Ended March 31, | ||||||||
| 2023 | 2022 | |||||||
| Research and development expenses | $ | $ | ||||||
| General and administrative expenses | ||||||||
| $ | $ | |||||||
Employee Stock Options
stock option awards to purchase shares of common stock were granted during the three months ended March 31, 2023. During the three months ended March 31, 2022, the Company granted stock option awards to purchase shares of common stock. The Company recognized a total of approximately $ of compensation expense related to employee stock options during each of the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022. No employee stock options or RSUs were exercised and none expired during the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022.
Non-Employee Stock Options
There were non-employee stock options granted or exercised during the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively. During the three months ended March 31, 2023, non-employee stock option grants to purchase approximately shares of common stock expired. non-employee stock option grants expired during the three months ended March 31, 2022. The Company did not recognize any expense related to non-employee stock options during the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively.
| 8. | Income Taxes |
During the three months ended March 31, 2023 and
2022, there was
As of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022,
the Company did
| 12 |
| 9. | Commitments and contingencies |
Supplemental cash flow information and non-cash activity related to our operating leases are as follows:
Three Months Ended March 31, | Three Months Ended March 31, | |||||||
| 2023 | 2022 | |||||||
| Operating cash flow information: | ||||||||
| Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities | $ | $ | ||||||
Supplemental balance sheet information related to our operating leases is as follows:
| Balance Sheet Classification | March 31, 2023 | March 31, 2022 | ||||||||
| Right-of-use assets - ST | Prepaid expenses and other | $ | $ | |||||||
| Current lease liabilities | Accrued expenses and other current liabilities | $ | $ | |||||||
| 10. | Related Party Transactions |
The Company has entered into various research, development, license and supply agreements with Serum Institute and Pharmsynthez, each a related party whose relationship has not materially changed from that disclosed in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022 filed with the SEC on March 22, 2023, as amended on April 28, 2023.
During the fourth quarter
of 2019, the Company entered into a loan agreement with Pharmsynthez (the “Pharmsynthez Loan”), pursuant to which the Company
advanced Pharmsynthez an aggregate principal amount of up to $
The Pharmsynthez Loan has been amended at various
times primarily to extend the principal repayment schedule and maturity date. The Pharmsynthez Loan, as amended, currently has a maturity
date of May 31, 2023 and requires the repayment of the remaining principal amount, plus interest, in seven (7) monthly installments from
November 30, 2022 through May 31, 2023 as well as certain other terms and conditions. While Pharmsynthez has made certain payments in
accordance with the repayment schedule, all principal and interest payments required to date under the Pharmsynthez Loan, as amended,
have not been made. As a result, the Company has classified the loan receivable as long-term as of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022.
The Company assessed the collectability of the loan and determined that the U.S.-based collateral held by the Company, consisting of all
of the common and preferred stock of the Company owned by Pharmsynthez and SynBio, was adequate to support the repayment of the outstanding
principal balance. As of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, approximately $
| 11. | Subsequent Events |
The Company performed a review of events subsequent to the balance sheet date through the date the financial statements were issued and determined that there were no such events requiring recognition or disclosure in the financial statements.
| 13 |
ITEM 2 – MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
CAUTIONARY NOTE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS
This report contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”), and Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended. All statements contained in this Quarterly Report other than statements of historical fact, including statements regarding our future results of operations and financial position, our business strategy and plans, future revenues, projected costs, prospects and our objectives for future operations, are forward-looking statements. These forward-looking statements include, but are not limited to, statements concerning: the lingering effects of the coronavirus, or COVID-19, global pandemic and the responses thereto, including the pandemic’s impact on general economic and market conditions, as well as on our business, results of operations and financial condition; anticipated effects of geopolitical events, including the conflict between Russia and Ukraine and associated sanctions imposed by the United States (“U.S.”) and other countries in response; our plans to develop our proposed drug candidates; our expectations regarding the nature, timing and extent of clinical trials and proposed clinical trials; our expectations regarding the timing for proposed submissions of regulatory filings, including but not limited to, any Investigational New Drug filing or any New Drug Application; the nature, timing and extent of collaboration arrangements; the expected results pursuant to collaboration arrangements, including the receipts of future payments that may arise pursuant to collaboration arrangements; the outcome of our plans to obtain regulatory approval of our drug candidates; the outcome of our plans for the commercialization of our drug candidates; our plans to address certain markets, engage third party manufacturers, and evaluate additional drug candidates for subsequent commercial development along with the likelihood and extent of competition to our drug candidates; our plans to advance innovative immune-oncology technologies addressing hard to treat oncology indications; expectations regarding our Deoxyribonuclease (“DNase”) platform, such as regarding the DNase platform being in development for the treatment of solid tumors and being aimed at improving outcomes of existing treatments, including immunotherapies, by targeting Neutrophil Extracellular Traps (“NETs”) and our expectations to prioritize our efforts and resources on this newly licensed technology; the development of the XCART™ Chimeric Antigen Receptor (“CAR”) T cell (“XCART”) technology and plans to develop cell-based therapeutics by targeting the unique B cell receptor on the surface of an individual patient’s malignant tumor cells for the treatment of B-cell lymphomas; and our expectations regarding our PolyXen® platform, including concerning our plans to leverage the platform by partnering with biotechnology and pharmaceutical companies and its application to protein or peptide therapeutics and its application to improve the half-life and other pharmaceutical properties of next-generation biologic drugs.
In some cases, these statements may be identified by terminology such as “may,” “will,” “would,” “could,” “should,” “expect,” “plan,” “anticipate,” “believe,” “estimate,” “seek,” “approximately,” “intend,” “predict,” “potential,” “projects,” or “continue,” or the negative of such terms and other comparable terminology. Although we believe that the expectations reflected in the forward-looking statements contained herein are reasonable, we cannot guarantee future results, the levels of activity, performance or achievements. These statements involve known and unknown risks and uncertainties that may cause our or our industry's results, levels of activity, performance or achievements to be materially different from those expressed or implied by forward-looking statements.
The Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations (the “MD&A”) should be read together with our condensed consolidated financial statements and related notes included elsewhere in this Quarterly Report. This Quarterly Report, including the MD&A, contains trend analysis and other forward-looking statements. Any statements in this Quarterly Report that are not statements of historical facts are forward-looking statements. These forward-looking statements made herein are based on our current expectations, involve a number of risks and uncertainties and should not be considered as guarantees of future performance.
Some factors that could cause actual results to differ materially include without limitation:
| · | unexpected costs, charges or expenses resulting from the transaction with CLS Therapeutics LTD (“CLS”) and the licensing of the DNase platform; | |
| · | uncertainty of the expected financial performance of the Company following completion of the transaction with CLS and the licensing of the DNase platform; |
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| · | failure to realize the anticipated potential of the DNase, XCART or PolyXen technologies; | |
| · | our ability to implement our business strategy; | |
| · | our failure to meet the continued listing requirements of the Nasdaq Capital Market; | |
| · | our need to raise additional working capital in the future for the purpose of further developing our pipeline and to continue as a going concern; | |
| · | our ability to finance our business; | |
| · | our ability to successfully execute, manage and integrate key acquisitions and mergers; | |
| · | product development and commercialization risks, including our ability to successfully develop the DNase technology; | |
| · | the impact of adverse safety outcomes and clinical trial results for our therapies; | |
| · | our ability to secure and maintain a manufacturer for our technologies; | |
| · | the impact of new therapies and new uses of existing therapies on the competitive environment; | |
| · | our ability to successfully commercialize our current and future drug candidates; | |
| · | our ability to achieve milestone and other payments associated with our current and future co-development collaborations and strategic arrangements; | |
| · | our reliance on consultants, advisors, vendors and business partners to conduct work on our behalf; | |
| · | the impact of new technologies on our drug candidates and our competition; | |
| · | changes in laws or regulations of governmental agencies; | |
| · | interruptions or cancellation of existing contracts; | |
| · | impact of competitive products and pricing; | |
| · | product demand and market acceptance and risks; | |
| · | the presence of competitors with greater financial resources; | |
| · | continued availability of supplies or materials used in manufacturing at the current prices; | |
| · | the ability of management to execute plans and motivate personnel in the execution of those plans; | |
| · | our ability to attract and retain key personnel; | |
| · | adverse publicity related to our products or the Company itself; | |
| · | adverse claims relating to our intellectual property; | |
| · | the adoption of new, or changes in, accounting principles; | |
| · | the costs inherent with complying with statutes and regulations applicable to public reporting companies, such as the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002; | |
| · | other new lines of business that the Company may enter in the future; | |
| · | general economic and business conditions, as well as inflationary trends and financial market instability or disruptions to the banking system due to bank failures; | |
| · | the impact of natural disasters or public health emergencies, such as the COVID-19 global pandemic, and geopolitical events, such as the Russian invasion of Ukraine, and related sanctions and other economic disruptions or concerns, on our financial condition and results of operations; and | |
| · | other factors set forth in the Risk Factors section of our Annual Report on Form 10-K and in subsequent filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”). |
These factors are not necessarily all of the important factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from those expressed in the forward-looking statements in this Quarterly Report. Other unknown or unpredictable factors also could have material adverse effects on our future results, including, but not limited to, those discussed in the section titled “Risk Factors.” The forward-looking statements in this Quarterly Report are made only as of the date of this Quarterly Report, and we do not undertake any obligation to publicly update any forward-looking statements to reflect subsequent events or circumstances. We intend that all forward-looking statements be subject to the safe-harbor provisions of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995.
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BUSINESS OVERVIEW
We are a biopharmaceutical company focused on advancing innovative immune-oncology technologies addressing hard to treat cancers. Our DNase platform is designed to improve outcomes of existing treatments, including immunotherapies, by targeting NETs, which have been implicated in cancer progression and resistance to cancer treatments. We licensed the DNase oncology platform in April 2022 and are focusing the majority of our resources on advancing our systemic DNase program into the clinic as an adjunctive therapy for pancreatic carcinoma and locally advanced or metastatic solid tumors. We also have a personalized CAR T platform technology, XCART™, to develop cell-based therapeutics targeting the unique B-cell receptor on the surface of an individual patient’s malignant tumor cells, for the treatment of B-cell lymphomas. Additionally, we have partnered with biotechnology and pharmaceutical companies to develop our proprietary drug delivery platform, PolyXen, and receive royalty payments under an exclusive license arrangement in the field of blood coagulation disorders.
We incorporate our patented and proprietary technologies into drug candidates currently under development with biotechnology and pharmaceutical industry collaborators to create what we believe will be the next-generation biologic drugs with improved pharmacological properties over existing therapeutics. Our drug candidates have resulted from our research activities or that of our collaborators and are in the development stage. As a result, we continue to commit a significant amount of our resources to our research and development activities and anticipate continuing to do so for the near future. To date, none of our drug candidates have received regulatory marketing authorization or approval in the U.S. by the Food and Drug Administration nor in any other countries or territories by any applicable agencies. We are receiving ongoing royalties pursuant to a license of our PolyXen technology to an industry partner. Although we hold a broad patent portfolio, the focus of our internal efforts during the three months ended March 31, 2023, was on the licensing and advancement of our DNase platform.
Impact of the Conflict in Ukraine on Our Operations
The short and long-term implications of Russia’s invasion of Ukraine are difficult to predict at this time. The imposition of sanctions and counter sanctions may have an adverse effect on the economic markets generally and could impact our business, financial condition, and results of operations.
RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
Comparison of Quarter Ended March 31, 2023 and 2022
The comparison of our historical results of operations for the fiscal quarter ended March 31, 2023 to the fiscal quarter ended March 31, 2022 is as follows:
| Description | Quarter Ended March 31, 2023 | Quarter Ended March 31, 2022 | Increase (Decrease) | Percentage Change | ||||||||||||
| Revenue: | ||||||||||||||||
| Royalty revenue | $ | 605,844 | $ | 388,993 | $ | 216,851 | 55.7 | |||||||||
| Operating costs and expenses: | ||||||||||||||||
| Research and development | (595,276 | ) | (1,101,399 | ) | (506,123 | ) | (46.0 | ) | ||||||||
| General and administrative | (925,743 | ) | (907,309 | ) | 18,434 | 2.0 | ||||||||||
| Total operating costs and expenses | (1,521,019 | ) | (2,008,708 | ) | (487,689 | ) | (24.3 | ) | ||||||||
| Loss from operations | (915,175 | ) | (1,619,715 | ) | (704,540 | ) | (43.5 | ) | ||||||||
| Other income: | ||||||||||||||||
| Other income | 4,520 | 199 | 4,321 | 2,171.4 | ||||||||||||
| Interest income | 54,101 | 25,905 | 28,196 | 108.8 | ||||||||||||
| Net loss | $ | (856,554 | ) | $ | (1,593,611 | ) | $ | (737,057 | ) | (46.3 | ) | |||||
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Revenue
Revenue for the three months ended March 31, 2023 increased by $0.2 million, or 55.7%, to $0.6 million from approximately $0.4 million for the three months ended March 31, 2022. This increase represents an increase in royalty revenue related to our sublicense agreement with Takeda Pharmaceuticals Co. Ltd. as compared to the same period in 2022.
Research and Development Expenses
Research & development (“R&D”) expenses for the three months ended March 31, 2023 decreased by approximately $0.5 million, or 46.0%, to approximately $0.6 million from approximately $1.1 million in the comparable quarter in 2022. The table below sets forth the R&D costs incurred by the Company by category of expense for the quarters ended March 31, 2023 and 2022:
| Quarter Ended | ||||||||
| Category of Expense | March 31, 2023 | March 31, 2022 | ||||||
| Outside services and contract research organizations | $ | 423,868 | $ | 833,670 | ||||
| Personnel costs | 124,793 | 111,984 | ||||||
| Share-based expense | 13,688 | 19,178 | ||||||
| Other | 32,927 | 136,567 | ||||||
| Total research and development expense | $ | 595,276 | $ | 1,101,399 | ||||
The decrease in outside services and contract research organizations expense was primarily due to decreased spending in connection with our XCART platform technology which was partially offset by costs related to our initial development efforts associated with our DNase platform. We licensed the DNase platform in April 2022 and expect to direct our efforts and resources on the development of this newly acquired technology. As a result, we suspended development of our XCART technology platform. The decrease in other expense was due to lower consulting costs incurred during the first quarter of 2023 compared to the same period in 2022. Consulting costs during the three months ended March 31, 2002 were related to the licensing of the DNase oncology platform from CLS. There were no similar consulting costs incurred during the three months ended March 31, 2023.
General and Administrative Expenses
General and administrative expenses for the three months ended March 31, 2023 increased by approximately $18,000, or 2.0%, to approximately $926,000 from approximately $907,000 in the comparable quarter in 2022. The increase was primarily due to an increase in accounting fees during the three months ended March 31, 2023 compared to the same period in 2022.
Other Income
Other income was approximately $4,500 for the three months ended March 31, 2023 compared to approximately $200 of other income for the same period in 2022. This increase in other income was primarily related to favorable changes in foreign currency exchange rates during the three months ended March 31, 2023 as compared to the same period in 2022.
Interest Income
Interest income increased to approximately $54,000 during the three months ended March 31, 2023 as compared to approximately $26,000 for the same period in the prior year. This increase is primarily due to higher interest rates on invested funds during the three months ended March 31, 2023 compared to the same period in 2022. This increase was partially offset by a decrease in interest income on our loan with Pharmsynthez.
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Liquidity and Capital Resources
We incurred a net loss of approximately $0.9 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023. We had an accumulated deficit of approximately $190.0 million at March 31, 2023, as compared to an accumulated deficit of approximately $189.1 million at December 31, 2022. Working capital was approximately $12.0 million at March 31, 2023, and $12.6 million at December 31, 2022. During the three months ended March 31, 2023, our working capital decreased by $0.6 million primarily due to our net loss for the three months ended March 31, 2023.
Our principal source of liquidity consists of cash. At March 31, 2023, we had approximately $12.0 million in cash and $0.9 million in current liabilities. At December 31, 2022, we had approximately $13.1 million in cash and $1.1 million in current liabilities. We have historically relied upon sales of our equity securities to fund our operations.
We evaluate whether there are conditions or events, considered in the aggregate that raise substantial doubt about our ability to continue as a going concern within one year after the date that the financial statements are issued. We have incurred substantial losses since our inception, and we expect to continue to incur operating losses in the near-term. These factors raise substantial doubt about our ability to continue as a going concern. We believe that we have access to capital resources through possible public or private equity offerings, debt financings, corporate collaborations, related party funding, or other means to continue as a going concern. We believe that our existing resources will be adequate to fund our operations for a period of at least twelve months from the date of these financial statements. However, we anticipate we may need additional capital in the long-term to pursue our business initiatives. The terms, timing and extent of any future financing will depend upon several factors, including the achievement of progress in our clinical development programs, our ability to identify and enter into licensing or other strategic arrangements, our continued listing on the Nasdaq Stock Market (“Nasdaq”), and factors related to financial, economic, geo-political, industry and market conditions, many of which are beyond our control. The capital markets for the biotech industry can be highly volatile, which make the terms, timing and extent of any future financing uncertain. On June 3, 2022, we received a written notification (the “Notice”) from the Listing Qualifications Department of Nasdaq notifying us that the closing bid price for our common stock had been below $1.00 for 30 consecutive business days and that we therefore were not in compliance with the minimum bid price requirement for continued inclusion on the Nasdaq Capital Market under Nasdaq Listing Rule 5550(a)(2) (the “Bid Price Requirement”). The Notice has no immediate effect on the listing of our common stock on the Nasdaq Capital Market. Under the Nasdaq Listing Rules, we had a period of 180 calendar days from the date of the Notice to regain compliance with the Bid Price Requirement. Accordingly, we had until November 30, 2022 to regain compliance with the Bid Price Requirement and were eligible for an additional 180 calendar day compliance period if certain other criteria were met. On December 1, 2022, we received a letter from Nasdaq informing us that although our common stock had not regained compliance with the minimum $1.00 bid price per share requirement, Nasdaq had determined that we were eligible for an additional 180 calendar day period, or until May 29, 2023, to regain compliance. Nasdaq’s determination was based on the Company meeting the continued listing requirement for market value of publicly held shares and all other applicable requirements for initial listing on the Nasdaq Capital Market with the exception of the bid price requirement, and our written notice of our intention to cure the deficiency during the second compliance period by effecting a reverse stock split, if necessary.
On March 10, 2023, Silicon Valley Bank (“SVB”) was closed by the California Department of Financial Protection and Innovation, which appointed the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (“FDIC”) as receiver. We maintained our cash primarily with SVB. On March 12, 2023, the U.S. Treasury, Federal Reserve and FDIC rolled out emergency measures to fully protect all depositors of SVB and, on March 13, 2023, we had full access to our cash on deposit with SVB. As of March 31, 2023, we have transferred our primary banking relationship to a large financial institution and all cash on deposit is covered under federally insured limits.
Cash Flows from Operating Activities
Cash flows used in operating activities for the three months ended March 31, 2023 totaled approximately $1.1 million, which was primarily due to our net loss for the period, partially offset by non-cash charges associated with share-based expense and principal repayments on the Pharmsynthez Loan. In addition, prepaid expenses increased and current liabilities decreased during the three months ended March 31, 2023. Cash flows used in operating activities for the three months ended March 31, 2022 totaled approximately $2.1 million, which was primarily due to our net loss for the period offset by non-cash charges associated with share-based expense. In addition, prepaid expenses increased and current liabilities decreased during the three months ended March 31, 2022.
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Cash Flows from Investing Activities
There were no cash flows from investing activities for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022.
Cash Flow from Financing Activities
There were no cash flows from financing activities for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022.
Contractual Obligations and Commitments
As of March 31, 2023, there were no material changes in our contractual obligations and commitments from those disclosed in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022, filed with the SEC on March 22, 2023, as amended on April 28, 2023.
Off Balance Sheet Arrangements
We do not have any off-balance sheet financing arrangements that have or are reasonably likely to have a current or future material effect on our financial condition, change in financial condition, revenues or expenses, results of operations, liquidity, capital expenditures, or capital resources.
Recent Accounting Standards
See Note 3 in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022, filed with the SEC on March 22, 2023, as amended on April 28, 2023, for a discussion of recent accounting standards.
Critical Accounting Estimates
Our condensed consolidated financial statements are prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles. The preparation of our condensed consolidated financial statements requires us to make estimates, assumptions and judgments that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenue, costs and expenses. We base our estimates and assumptions on historical experience and other factors that we believe to be reasonable under the circumstances. We evaluate our estimates and assumptions on an ongoing basis. The result of these evaluations forms the basis for making judgments about the carrying values of assets and liabilities and the reported amount of expenses that are not readily apparent from other sources. Because future events and their effects cannot be determined with certainty, actual results and outcomes may differ materially from our estimates, judgments and assumptions. There have been no material changes in our critical accounting estimates from those disclosed in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022, filed with the SEC on March 22, 2023, as amended on April 28, 2023.
ITEM 3 – QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK
We are not required to provide the information required by this Item because we are a “smaller reporting company” (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).
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ITEM 4 – CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES
Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures
Our management, with the participation of our Chief Executive Officer (principal executive officer) and Chief Financial Officer (principal financial officer), evaluated the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) or 15d-15(e) under the Exchange Act, as of the end of the period covered by this Quarterly Report.
Based on this evaluation, our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, concluded that as of the end of the period covered by this Quarterly Report, our disclosure controls and procedures are designed at a reasonable assurance level and are effective to provide reasonable assurance that information we are required to disclose in reports that we file or submit under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized, and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms, and that such information is accumulated and communicated to our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.
Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting
There were no changes in our internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the period covered by this Quarterly Report that would have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.
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PART II – OTHER INFORMATION
ITEM 1 – LEGAL PROCEEDINGS
We are not currently subject to any material legal proceedings, nor, to our knowledge, is any material legal proceeding threatened against us. From time to time, we may be a party to certain legal proceedings, incidental to the normal course of our business. While the outcome of these legal proceedings cannot be predicted with certainty, we do not expect that these proceedings will have a material effect upon our financial condition or results of operations.
ITEM 1A – RISK FACTORS
There have been no material changes to the risk factors previously disclosed in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022 filed with the SEC on March 22, 2023, as amended on April 28, 2023.
ITEM 2 – UNREGISTERED SALES OF EQUITY SECURITIES AND USE OF PROCEEDS
None.
ITEM 3 – DEFAULTS UPON SENIOR SECURITIES
None.
ITEM 4 – MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES
Not applicable.
ITEM 5 – OTHER INFORMATION
None.
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ITEM 6 – EXHIBITS
The following exhibits are incorporated herein by reference or filed as part of this report.
| EXHIBIT NUMBER | DESCRIPTION |
| 10.1*# | Research Funding and Option Agreement, dated March 17, 2023, between the Company and the Scripps Research Institute. |
| 31.1* | Certification of Jeffrey F. Eisenberg, Principal Executive Officer, pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. |
| 31.2* | Certification of James Parslow, Principal Financial Officer, pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. |
| 32.1** | Certifications of Jeffrey F. Eisenberg, Principal Executive Officer, and James Parslow, Principal Financial Officer, pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. |
| 101* | The following financial statements from the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2023, formatted in inline XBRL, include: (i) Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets, (ii) Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations, (iii) Condensed Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Equity, (iv) Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows and (v) the Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements. |
| 104* | Cover Page Interactive Data File (formatted in XBRL and included in Exhibit 101). |
| * | Filed herewith. |
| ** | Exhibit 32.1 is being furnished and shall not be deemed to be “filed” for purposes of Section 18 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, or otherwise subject to the liability of that section, nor shall such exhibits be deemed to be incorporated by reference in any registration statement or other document filed under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended or the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, except as otherwise stated in such filing. |
| # | Portions of this exhibit, marked by brackets and asterisks, have been omitted pursuant to Item 601(b)(10) of Regulation S-K under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, because they are both (i) not material and (ii) would likely cause competitive harm to the registrant if publicly disclosed. The registrant undertakes to promptly provide an unredacted copy of the exhibit on a supplemental basis, if requested by the Commission or its staff. |
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SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.
| Xenetic Biosciences, Inc. | |||
| May 11, 2023 | By: | /s/ JEFFREY F. EISENBERG | |
| Jeffrey F. Eisenberg | |||
| Chief Executive Officer (Principal Executive Officer) | |||
| By: | /s/ JAMES PARSLOW | ||
| James Parslow Chief Financial Officer (Principal Financial Officer and Principal Accounting Officer) | |||
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