Table of Contents

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, DC 20549

FORM 10-Q

Commission File Number: 001-37937

XENETIC BIOSCIENCES, INC.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days):    Yes  x    No  ¨

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§ 232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files):    Yes  x    No  ¨

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer” “smaller reporting company” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.:

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ¨

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Exchange Act Rule 12b-2):    Yes  ¨    No  x

As of November 8, 2019, the number of outstanding shares of the registrant’s common stock was 5,755,141.

XENETIC BIOSCIENCES, INC.

FORM 10-Q

QUARTERLY PERIOD ENDED SEPTEMBER 30, 2019

PART I – FINANCIAL INFORMATION

ITEM 1 - FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

XENETIC BIOSCIENCES, INC.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

XENETIC BIOSCIENCES, INC.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS

(Unaudited)

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

XENETIC BIOSCIENCES, INC.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY

(Unaudited)

THREE MONTHS ENDED SEPTEMBER 30, 2019

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

XENETIC BIOSCIENCES, INC.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY

(Unaudited)

NINE MONTHS ENDED SEPTEMBER 30, 2019

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

XENETIC BIOSCIENCES, INC.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY

(Unaudited)

THREE MONTHS ENDED SEPTEMBER 30, 2018

XENETIC BIOSCIENCES, INC.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY

(Unaudited)

NINE MONTHS ENDED SEPTEMBER 30, 2018

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

XENETIC BIOSCIENCES, INC.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

(Unaudited)

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

XENETIC BIOSCIENCES, INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(unaudited)

Background

Xenetic Biosciences, Inc. (“Xenetic” or the “Company”), incorporated in the state of Nevada and based in Framingham, Massachusetts, is a biopharmaceutical company focused on progressing XCART™, a personalized Chimeric Antigen Receptor (“CAR”) T cell platform technology engineered to target patient-specific tumor neoantigens. The Company is initially advancing cell-based therapeutics targeting the unique B-cell receptor on the surface of an individual patient’s malignant tumor cells, for the treatment of B-cell lymphomas. The XCART technology, developed by the Scripps Research Institute (the “Institute”) in collaboration with the Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry (“IBCH”), is believed to have the potential to significantly enhance the safety and efficacy of cell therapy for B-cell lymphomas by generating patient- and tumor-specific CAR T cells. On March 1, 2019, the Company entered into agreements with Hesperix S.A. (“Hesperix”) and Opko Pharmaceuticals LLC (“OPKO”) to acquire the XCART technology (the “Transaction”) and closed the Transaction on July 19, 2019 concurrent with the completion of an approximate $15 million public offering (the “Offering”). For additional information regarding the Transaction, see Note 4 – “Acquisitions.”

Additionally, Xenetic is leveraging its proprietary drug delivery platform, PolyXen^™, by partnering with biotechnology and pharmaceutical companies. PolyXen is an enabling platform technology which can be applied to protein or peptide therapeutics. It employs the natural polymer polysialic acid (“PSA”) to prolong a drug's circulating half-life and potentially improve other pharmacological properties. Xenetic incorporates its patented and proprietary technologies into a number of drug candidates currently under development with biotechnology and pharmaceutical industry collaborators to create what the Company believes will be the next-generation biologic drugs with improved pharmacological properties over existing therapeutics.

As used in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q (“Quarterly Report”), unless otherwise indicated, all references herein to “Xenetic,” the “Company,” “we” or “us” refer to Xenetic Biosciences, Inc. and its wholly owned subsidiaries.

The Company, directly or indirectly, through its wholly-owned subsidiaries, Hesperix and Xenetic Biosciences (U.K.) Limited (“Xenetic UK”), and the wholly-owned subsidiaries of Xenetic UK, Lipoxen Technologies Limited (“Lipoxen”), Xenetic Bioscience, Incorporated and SymbioTec, GmbH (“SymbioTec”), own various U.S. federal trademark registrations and applications, and unregistered trademarks and service marks, including but not limited to XCART, OncoHist™, PolyXen, ErepoXen™, and ImuXen™, which are used throughout this Quarterly Report. All other company and product names may be trademarks of the respective companies with which they are associated.

Going Concern and Management’s Plan

Management evaluates whether there are conditions or events, considered in the aggregate, that raise substantial doubt about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern within one year after the date that the financial statements are issued. The Company has incurred substantial losses since its inception and expects to continue to incur operating losses in the near-term. These factors raise substantial doubt about its ability to continue as a going concern. The Company believes that it has access to capital resources through possible public or private equity offerings, debt financings, corporate collaborations, related party funding, or other means to continue as a going concern. On March 7, 2019, the Company closed on a $3.1 million registered direct common stock offering resulting in $2.7 million of net proceeds to the Company. On July 19, 2019, the Company completed the Offering resulting in $13.4 million of net proceeds to the Company. The Company believes that these financings, coupled with the Company’s existing resources, will be adequate to fund the Company’s operations as a going concern. However, the Company anticipates it may need additional capital in the long-term to pursue its business initiatives and continue as a going concern. The accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared on a going concern basis and do not include any adjustments related to the recoverability or classification of asset carrying amounts or the amounts and classification of liabilities that may result should the Company be unable to continue as a going concern.

Preparation of Interim Financial Statements

The accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements were prepared by the Company pursuant to the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) and, in the opinion of management, include all normal and recurring adjustments necessary to present fairly the results of the interim periods shown. Certain information and footnote disclosures normally included in financial statements prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles have been condensed or omitted pursuant to such SEC rules and regulations. Management believes that the disclosures made are adequate to make the information presented not misleading. The results for the interim periods are not necessarily indicative of results for the full year. The condensed consolidated financial statements contained herein should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and notes thereto included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2018 filed with the SEC on March 29, 2019 and amended on April 30, 2019.

These condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared on the assumption that the Company will be able to realize its assets and discharge its liabilities in the normal course of business. As a result, the financial statements do not include any adjustments relating to recoverability and classification of recorded asset amounts or the amounts and classification of liabilities that might be necessary should the Company be unable to continue as a going concern.

On June 25, 2019, the Company effected a reduction, on a 1 for 12 basis, in its authorized common stock, par value $0.001, along with a corresponding and proportional decrease in the number of shares issued and outstanding (the “Reverse Stock Split”). On the effective date of the Reverse Stock Split, (i) every 12 shares of common stock were reduced to one share of common stock, with any fractional amounts rounded up to one share; (ii) the number of shares of common stock into which each outstanding warrant, restricted stock unit, or option to purchase common stock were proportionately reduced on the same basis as the common stock; (iii) the exercise price of each outstanding warrant or option to purchase common stock were proportionately increased on a 1 for 12 basis; and (iv) the number of shares of common stock into which each share of preferred stock could be converted were proportionately reduced on the same basis as the common stock. Unless otherwise indicated, all of the share numbers, share prices, and exercise prices have been adjusted, on a retroactive basis, to reflect this Reverse Stock Split.

Certain prior period amounts have been reclassified to conform to the presentation for the current period.

Principles of Consolidation

The condensed consolidated financial statements of the Company include the accounts of Hesperix and Xenetic UK and Xenetic UK’s wholly owned subsidiaries: Lipoxen, Xenetic Bioscience, Incorporated, and SymbioTec. All intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.

Basic and Diluted Net Loss per Share

The Company computes basic net loss per share by dividing net loss applicable to common stockholders by the weighted-average number of shares of common stock outstanding during the period. The Company computes diluted net loss per share after giving consideration to the dilutive effect of stock options that are outstanding during each period, except where such non-participating securities would be anti-dilutive.

For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, basic and diluted net loss per share are the same for each respective period due to the Company’s net loss position. Potentially dilutive, non-participating securities have not been included in the calculations of diluted net loss per share, as their inclusion would be anti-dilutive.

Recently Adopted Accounting Standards

In June 2018, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2018-07, Compensation – Stock Compensation (Topic 718): Improvements to Nonemployee Share-Based Payment Accounting. ASU 2018-07 expanded the scope of Topic 718 to include share-based payment transactions for acquiring goods and services from nonemployees. An entity should apply the requirements of Topic 718 to nonemployee awards except for specific guidance on inputs to an option pricing model and the attribution of cost. ASU 2018-07 specifies that Topic 718 applies to all share-based payment transactions in which a grantor acquires goods or services to be used or consumed in a grantor’s own operations by issuing share-based payment awards, and that Topic 718 does not apply to share-based payments used to effectively provide (1) financing to the issuer or (2) awards granted in conjunction with selling goods or services to customers as part of a contract accounted for under Topic 606 Revenue from Contracts with Customers. ASU 2018-07 was effective for the Company in the first quarter of fiscal 2019. Adoption of this standard did not have a material impact on the Company’s condensed consolidated financial statements.

In January 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-04: Intangibles — Goodwill and Other (Topic 350): Simplifying the Test for Goodwill Impairment that eliminated the requirement to calculate implied fair value of goodwill to measure a goodwill impairment charge. Instead, the new guidance requires entities to take an impairment charge based on the excess of a reporting unit’s carrying amount over its fair value. The guidance is effective for the Company no later than 2020. The Company adopted ASU 2017-04 in the first quarter of fiscal 2019. Adoption of this standard did not have a material impact on the Company’s condensed consolidated financial statements.

In February 2016, FASB issued ASU 2016-02, Leases (Topic 842). ASU 2016-02 requires lessees to recognize a lease liability and a right-of-use asset for all leases, with the exception of short-term leases, at the commencement date. This guidance is effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2018, including interim periods within those annual periods. Subsequently, in July 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-11, Lease (Topic 842): Targeted Improvements, which provides a number of practical expedients in transition. The Company adopted ASU 2016-02 effective January 1, 2019 and elected a package of practical expedients and the new transition approach permitted by ASU 2018-11. ASU 2018-11 allows the Company not to reassess existing identification of lease, classification of a lease or any initial direct costs. The Company has also elected to use the hindsight practical expedients. The adoption did not have a material impact on the Company’s condensed consolidated financial statements, resulted in an approximate $43,000 increase in total assets and total liabilities in our condensed consolidated balance sheet and did not have any effect on accumulated deficit at the beginning of 2019. See Note 11 for further information. 

The Company has entered into various research, development, license and supply agreements with Takeda Pharmaceuticals Co. Ltd. (“Takeda”), Serum Institute of India (“Serum Institute”), Pharmsynthez and SynBio LLC (“SynBio”), a wholly owned subsidiary of Pharmsynthez. The Company and its collaborative partners continue to engage in research and development activities with no resultant commercial products through September 30, 2019. No amounts were recognized as revenue related to these agreements during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019 or 2018. The related party ownership interest in the Company materially changed in connection with the Offering.

On March 1, 2019 (the “Signing Date”) the Company entered into agreements with Hesperix and Opko to acquire the XCART technology. The Company entered into a Share Purchase Agreement, as amended (the “Share Purchase Agreement”), with Hesperix, the owners of Hesperix (each, a “Seller” and collectively, the “Sellers”), and Alexey Andreevich Vinogradov, as the representative of each Seller, pursuant to which the Company purchased from Sellers all of the issued and outstanding shares of capital stock of Hesperix.

Under the terms of the Share Purchase Agreement, the Company issued to Sellers an aggregate of Four Hundred Six Thousand Two Hundred Forty-Six (406,246) shares of the Company’s common stock (the “Transaction Shares”) at the time of the closing. In addition, the Share Purchase Agreement contains customary representations and warranties relating to each Seller and about the condition of the Company and Hesperix. The Company issued the Transaction Shares pursuant to a registration statement on Form S-4.

On the Signing Date and in connection with the Transaction, Hesperix entered into an assignment agreement (the “Hesperix Assignment Agreement”) with IBCH, Pharmsynthez, and certain other parties thereto (collectively, the “Assignors”), pursuant to which, the Assignors have agreed, among other things, to sell, assign, transfer, and convey unto Hesperix all of their individual right, title, and interest throughout the world in and to patents related to “Articles And Methods Directed To Personalized Therapy Of Cancer,” and the related know-how. Hesperix has agreed to pay each of IBCH and Pharmsynthez a royalty rate in the low single digit range based on the net sales of products in each country in which, in the absence of the Hesperix Assignment Agreement, the manufacture, use, offer for sale, sale, or importation of such product would infringe a valid claim of a patent.

Also on the Signing Date, the Company entered into an assignment agreement with OPKO (the “OPKO Assignment Agreement”), pursuant to which the Company will acquire and accept, all of OPKO’s right, title and interest in and to that certain Intellectual Property License Agreement (the “IP License Agreement”), entered into between the Institute and OPKO regarding certain patents related to “Articles And Methods Directed To Personalized Therapy Of Cancer” and in which the Institute agreed to grant an exclusive royalty-bearing license, to the patent rights owned by the Institute to OPKO, and OPKO has agreed to pay the Institute a royalty rate in the low single digit range based on the net sales of products in each country in which, in the absence of the IP License Agreement, the manufacture, use, offer for sale, sale, or importation of such product would infringe a valid claim of a patent or pending application.

Under the terms of the OPKO Assignment Agreement and the IP License Agreement, the Company issued One Hundred Sixty Four Thousand Sixty Two (164,062) shares of the Company’s common stock to OPKO and Fifty-Four Thousand Six Hundred Eighty Seven (54,687) shares of the Company’s common stock to the Institute at the time of the closing. In addition, the OPKO Assignment Agreement contains customary representations and warranties relating to OPKO and the IP License Agreement.

On July 19, 2019, the Company closed the Transaction (the “Closing Date”), acquiring in-process research and development (“IPR&D”) related to certain intellectual property rights with respect to the XCART technology. The acquisition did not meet the business combination requirements and, as a result, was accounted for as an asset acquisition. The total consideration for the IPR&D was approximately $4.1 million, which represented the value of the common shares issued of $3.0 million utilizing the market price of the Company’s stock price at the Closing Date and approximately $1.1 million of transaction costs. As there was no future alternative use for the IPR&D, the Company recorded expense of $3.0 million to Research and development expense and $1.1 million to General and administrative expense for the transaction costs in the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019.

Property and equipment, net consists of the following:

Depreciation expense was approximately $1,000 for the three months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively, and approximately $3,000 and $13,000 for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively.

Goodwill

Goodwill is comprised of the purchase price of business combinations in excess of the fair value assigned at acquisition to the net tangible and identifiable intangible assets acquired and is not amortized. The Company assesses goodwill for impairment at least annually, or when events or changes in the business environment indicate that the carrying value may not be fully recoverable. The Company performs its annual impairment review during the fourth quarter at the reporting unit level. Goodwill may be considered impaired if the carrying value of the reporting unit, including goodwill, exceeds the reporting unit’s fair value. The Company is comprised of one reporting unit. The Company experienced a significant decline in its stock price during the three months ended September 30, 2019 resulting in a drop in its market capitalization indicating potential impairment. The Company determined the fair value of the reporting unit using its market capitalization, concluding that the fair value of the reporting unit is less than the carrying amount in excess of Goodwill, therefore fully impairing Goodwill. Goodwill impairment is presented within continuing operations in the condensed consolidated statements of operations. A reconciliation of the change in the carrying value of Goodwill is as follows:

Indefinite-Lived Intangible Assets

The Company’s indefinite-lived intangible asset, OncoHist, is IPR&D relating to the Company’s business combination with SymbioTec in 2012. The carrying value of the IPR&D was approximately $9.2 million as of September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively. IPR&D is required to be tested annually until the project is completed or abandoned. The IPR&D is not yet commercialized and, therefore, has not yet begun to be amortized as of September 30, 2019. The Company assesses IPR&D for impairment at least annually as of October 1 or when events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying value may be impaired. No impairment was recorded during the nine months ended September 30, 2019 nor during the year ended December 31, 2018.

Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) Topic 820, Fair Value Measurement, defines fair value as the price that would be received to sell an asset or be paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. The Company applies the following fair value hierarchy, which prioritizes the inputs used to measure fair value into three levels and bases the categorization within the hierarchy upon the lowest level of input that is available and significant to the fair value measurement. Level 1 inputs are quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities that the reporting entity has the ability to access at the measurement date. Level 2 utilizes quoted market prices in markets that are not active, broker or dealer quotations, or alternative pricing sources with reasonable levels of price transparency. Level 3 inputs are unobservable inputs for the asset or liability in which there is little, if any, market activity for the asset or liability at the measurement date. The carrying amounts of certain of the Company’s financial instruments approximates fair value due to their short maturities.

The Offering

On July 17, 2019, the Company entered into an underwriting agreement (the "Underwriting Agreement") with Maxim Group LLC (the “Underwriter”), relating to the Company’s Offering of 1,730,000 shares (the “Shares”) of the Company’s common stock, par value $0.001 (the “Common Stock”), Prefunded Warrants to purchase 570,000 shares of Common Stock (the “Prefunded Warrants”), and warrants to purchase 2,300,000 shares of the Common Stock (the “Purchase Warrants,” and together with the Shares and the Prefunded Warrants, the "Firm Securities"). Each Share was sold together with one Purchase Warrant at a combined public offering price of $6.50 per Share and Purchase Warrant. Each Pre-funded Warrant purchased was sold together with one Purchase Warrant at a combined public offering price of $6.49 per Prefunded Warrant and Purchase Warrant. The Prefunded Warrants were exercisable beginning on July 17, 2019 at an exercise price of $0.01 per share. The holders of the Prefunded Warrants will not have the right to exercise any portion of the Prefunded Warrant if the holder (together with its affiliates) would beneficially own in excess of 4.99% of the number of shares of our Common Stock outstanding immediately after giving effect to the exercise, as such percentage ownership is determined in accordance with the terms of the Prefunded Warrants. The Prefunded Warrants had an intrinsic value of approximately $3.1 million. Pursuant to the Underwriting Agreement, the Company also granted the Underwriter a 45-day option to purchase up to an additional 345,000 shares of Common Stock and/or Purchase Warrants to purchase up to 345,000 shares of Common Stock (the "Additional Securities," and together with the Firm Securities, the "Securities"), at the public offering price less discounts and commissions.

The Securities were offered, issued, and sold pursuant to an effective Registration Statement on Form S-1 (Reg. No. 333-231508) and accompanying prospectus filed with the SEC under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended.

On the Closing Date, the Company completed the Offering resulting in gross proceeds to the Company of approximately $15.0 million before deducting the underwriting discount and offering fees and expenses payable by the Company. In addition, on the Closing Date, the Underwriter exercised its overallotment option with respect to 160,000 Purchase Warrants, resulting in additional gross proceeds of $1,600. The Company intends to use the net proceeds from the Offering of approximately $13.4 million to fund its research, development and clinical programs, including the development of the XCART technology acquired in the Transaction, and for other general corporate purposes. Prefunded Warrants to purchase 450,000 shares of Common Stock were exercised during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019 resulting in $4,500 of net proceeds to the Company.

The Purchase Warrants are immediately exercisable at a price of $13.00 per share of Common Stock and expire five years from the date of issuance. The warrants began trading on NASDAQ on July 23, 2019 under the symbol “XBIOW.” The Purchase Warrants also provide that if the weighted-average price of Common Stock on any trading day on or after 30 days after issuance is lower than the then-applicable exercise price per share, each Purchase Warrant may be exercised, at the option of the holder, on a cashless basis for one share of Common Stock. The Company evaluated the terms of the warrants issued and determined that they should be classified as equity instruments. The grant date fair value of these warrants was estimated to be $4.61 per share, for a total of approximately $11.3 million. The fair value of these warrants was estimated using a Black-Scholes model utilizing the following key valuation assumptions: the Company’s stock price, a risk free rate of 1.83%, an expected life of 5 years and an expected volatility of 141.89%. Purchase Warrants to purchase approximately 1.9 million shares of Common Stock were exercised on a cashless one-for-one basis during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019.

Common Stock

On July 16, 2019, the Company, in connection with the Offering, entered into a consent agreement with certain holders of warrants to purchase shares of the Company’s Common Stock whose consent was sought in connection with the Offering. In consideration of the holders’ consent, the Company agreed to (i) issue such holders an aggregate of 16,666 shares of the Company’s Common Stock (“Consent Shares”) and (ii) adjust the exercise price of those certain warrants issued to each holder in connection with the Company’s Reverse Stock Split on June 25, 2019. The Consent Shares and incremental cost associated with the warrant modification were determined to be direct costs of the Offering and, as a result, have been included within net proceeds from the Offering.

On June 21, 2019, the Company filed a Certificate of Change to the Company’s Articles of Incorporation with the Secretary of State of Nevada to effect the Reverse Stock Split. The Reverse Stock Split was effective at 12:01 a.m., eastern Time, on June 25, 2019. No fractional shares were issued as a result of the Reverse Stock Split and any remaining share fractions were rounded up to the nearest whole share, resulting in 1,442 new shares of Common Stock being issued to existing holders of the Company’s common stock.

On June 19, 2019, shareholders of the Company voted to approve an amendment to the Company’s Articles of Incorporation to increase the authorized shares of Common Stock to 150,000,000 shares on a pre-Reverse Stock Split basis (the “Authorized Share Increase”). On June 24, 2019, the Company filed a Certificate of Amendment to the Company’s Articles of Incorporation with the Secretary of the State of Nevada to effect the Authorized Share Increase as of June 25, 2019. As a result of the Authorized Share Increase and after giving effect to the Reverse Stock Split, the Company had 12,500,000 authorized shares of Common Stock.

As a result of the Reverse Stock Split, the number of outstanding shares of our Common Stock held by non-affiliates was approximately 475,000. On June 28, 2019, the Company received a notice from the Nasdaq Capital Market ("NASDAQ") that it no longer met the minimum 500,000 publicly held shares requirement for continued listing. On July 19, 2019, the Company received a notice from NASDAQ that the Company had regained compliance with the publicly held shares requirement as a result of the Offering.

On March 5, 2019, the Company entered into a Securities Purchase Agreement with certain purchasers pursuant to which the Company offered to the purchasers, in a registered direct offering, an aggregate of (i) 86,667 shares of Common Stock, par value $0.001 per share and (ii) prefunded warrants to purchase 42,417 shares of Common Stock. The prefunded warrants were exercisable beginning on March 7, 2019 at an exercise price of $0.012 per share. The shares were sold at a price of $24.00 per share and the prefunded warrants were sold at a price of $23.988 per prefunded warrant, which represents the per share purchase price for the shares less the $0.012 per share exercise price for each such prefunded warrant. The holders of the prefunded warrants will not have the right to exercise any portion of the prefunded warrant if the holder (together with its affiliates) would beneficially own in excess of 9.99% of the number of shares of our Common Stock outstanding immediately after giving effect to the exercise, as such percentage ownership is determined in accordance with the terms of the prefunded warrants. The net proceeds to the Company from this offering were approximately $2.7 million, after deducting expenses related to the offering, including dealer-manager fees and expenses. In a concurrent private placement, the Company issued to the purchasers a warrant to purchase one share of the Company’s Common Stock for each share and prefunded warrant purchased in the offering. These warrants have an exercise price of $27.00 per share, were exercisable beginning on September 8, 2019 and expire seven years from such date. The Company evaluated the terms of the warrants issued and determined that they should be classified as equity instruments. The grant date fair value of these warrants was estimated to be $22.74 per share, for a total of approximately $2.9 million. The fair value of the warrants was estimated using a Black-Scholes model utilizing the following key valuation assumptions: the Company’s stock price, a risk free rate of 2.56%, an expected life of 7.5 years and an expected volatility of 111.3%. The prefunded warrants had an intrinsic value of approximately $1.1 million. In June 2019, the prefunded warrants were exercised in full resulting in $509 of net proceeds to the Company.

Series B Preferred Stock

As of September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018 there were approximately 1.8 million shares of Series B Preferred Stock issued and outstanding which were convertible on a 1.625 preferred shares to one share of common stock basis. The number of shares of Common Stock that, when aggregated with any shares of Common Stock that may be issued in connection with any conversion of Series B Preferred Stock and the exercise of warrants issued in connection with the Series B Preferred Stock, is subject to an Issuable Maximum, subject to adjustment, as set forth in the Second Amended and Restated Certificate of Designation of the Company’s Series B Preferred Stock. As of September 30, 2019, the Issuable Maximum is 0.6 million shares of Common Stock that can be issued upon the conversion of the currently outstanding Series B Preferred Stock and the exercise of warrants, issued in connection with the Series B Preferred Stock, that are currently outstanding.

The March 2019 registered direct offering triggered the down-round provision in the Company’s Series B Preferred Stock resulting in an adjustment to the conversion ratio and the recording of a deemed dividend of $3.9 million increasing the net loss attributable to common shareholders for the nine months ended September 30, 2019. In addition, the Offering triggered the down-round provision in the Company’s Series B Preferred Stock, resulting in a further adjustment to the conversion ratio and the recording of a deemed dividend of $1.4 million during the third quarter increasing the net loss attributable to common shareholders for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019. There were no Series B Preferred Stock conversions during the nine months ended September 30, 2019. During the nine months ended September 30, 2018, the holders of Series B Preferred Stock converted approximately 316,000 shares into approximately 26,000 shares of common stock.

Warrants

On July 17, 2019, in connection with the Offering, the Company offered to the purchasers Prefunded Warrants to purchase 570,000 shares of common stock. The Prefunded Warrants were exercisable beginning on July 17, 2019 at an exercise price of $0.01 per share. The Prefunded Warrants were sold at a price of $6.49 per Prefunded Warrant, which represents the per share purchase price for the shares less the $0.01 per share exercise price for each such Prefunded Warrant. The holders of the Prefunded Warrants did not have the right to exercise any portion of the Prefunded Warrant if the holder (together with its affiliates) would beneficially own in excess of 4.99% of the number of shares of our common stock outstanding immediately after giving effect to the exercise, as such percentage ownership is determined in accordance with the terms of the Prefunded Warrants. Prefunded Warrants to purchase 450,000 shares were exercised during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019 resulting in net proceeds to the Company of $4,500. Also in connection with the Offering, the Company issued to the purchasers the Purchase Warrants. These Purchase Warrants have an exercise price of $13.00 per share, were exercisable beginning on July 17, 2019 and expire five years from such date. The warrants began trading on NASDAQ on July 23, 2019 under the symbol “XBIOW.” The Purchase Warrants also provide that if the weighted-average price of Common Stock on any trading day on or after 30 days after issuance is lower than the then-applicable exercise price per share, each Purchase Warrant may be exercised, at the option of the holder, on a cashless basis for one share of Common Stock. Purchase Warrants to purchase approximately 1.9 million shares of common stock were exercised on a cashless one-for-one basis during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019. As of September 30, 2019, there were approximately 120,000 Prefunded Warrants and 0.6 million Purchase Warrants outstanding. Subsequent to quarter end, the remaining outstanding Prefunded Warrants were exercised resulting in $1,200 of net proceeds to the Company.

On June 24, 2019, the Company entered into a consent agreement with certain holders of warrants to purchase shares of the Company’s common stock whose consent was required to effect the Reverse Stock Split. In consideration of the holders’ consent, the Company agreed to issue the holders warrants (the “Consent Warrants”) to purchase 8,335 shares of the Company’s common stock, at an exercise price per share based on a volume weighted average price for the five trading days following the effectiveness of the Reverse Stock Split. The Consent Warrants were issued on July 3, 2019 at an exercise price of $10.63. The Company evaluated the terms of the Consent Warrants and determined that they should be classified as equity instruments. The grant date fair value of these warrants was estimated to be $7.62 per share, for a total of approximately $64,000. The fair value of the Consent Warrants was estimated using a Black-Scholes model utilizing the following key valuation assumptions: the Company’s stock price, a risk free rate of 1.83%, an expected life of 7 years and an expected volatility of 114.53%. The Company recorded approximately $64,000 as general and administrative expense during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019. The Consent Warrants were subsequently modified to reflect an exercise price of $2.91 price per share in connection with the Offering. As a result of this modification, the Company recognized a $2,000 expense that was netted against the proceeds of the Offering.

In March 2019, in connection with its registered direct offering, the Company offered to the purchasers prefunded warrants to purchase 42,417 shares of common stock. The prefunded warrants were exercisable beginning on March 7, 2019 at an exercise price of $0.012 per share. The prefunded warrants were sold at a price of $23.988 per prefunded warrant, which represents the per share purchase price for the shares less the $0.012 per share exercise price for each such prefunded warrant. The holders of the prefunded warrants did not have the right to exercise any portion of the prefunded warrant if the holder (together with its affiliates) would beneficially own in excess of 9.99% of the number of shares of our common stock outstanding immediately after giving effect to the exercise, as such percentage ownership is determined in accordance with the terms of the prefunded warrants. All of these prefunded warrants were exercised in June 2019 resulting in net proceeds to the Company of $509. In a concurrent private placement, the Company issued to the purchasers a warrant to purchase one share of the Company’s common stock for each share and prefunded warrant (129,084 shares) purchased in the offering. These warrants have an exercise price of $27.00 per share, are exercisable beginning on September 8, 2019 and expire seven years from such date. As of September 30, 2019, all of these warrants were outstanding.

In addition to the prefunded and purchase warrants issued in the March 2019 registered direct offering and the Offering, the Company has outstanding warrants to purchase an aggregate of 262,690 shares of common stock in connection with debt and equity financing arrangements as of September 30, 2019 at a weighted average exercise price of $51.97 and expiration dates ranging from July 2020 through November 2021. There were no debt and equity financing warrants granted or exercised during the nine months ended September 30, 2019. During the nine months ended September 30, 2018, debt and equity financing warrants to purchase approximately 31,000 shares of common stock were exercised resulting in approximately $1.5 million of net proceeds to the Company.

Total share-based expense related to stock options, restricted stock units (“RSUs”), common stock awards, and non-financing warrants were approximately $0.2 million and $0.3 million during the three months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively, and approximately $0.7 million and $1.2 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively.

Share-based compensation expense is classified in the condensed consolidated statements of operations as follows:

Employee Stock Options

During the nine months ended September 30, 2019, the Company granted 50,000 stock option awards. The weighted average grant date fair value per option share was $1.18. Key assumptions used in the Black-Scholes option pricing model for options granted during the nine months ending September 30, 2019 were the Company’s stock price, a risk free rate of 1.60%, an expected life of 5.5 years and an expected volatility of 119.11%. There were no employee stock options exercised during the nine months ended September 30, 2019. No employee stock options or RSUs were granted nor exercised during the nine months ended September 30, 2018. The Company recognized a total of $0.2 million and $0.3 million of compensation expense related to employee stock options during the three months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively, and $0.7 million and $1.1 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively.

Non-Employee Stock Options

The Company did not grant any non-employee stock options during the nine months ended September 30, 2019. During the nine months ended September 30, 2018, the Company granted 834 non-employee stock options. There were no non-employee stock options exercised during the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively. The Company did not recognize any expense related to non-employee stock options during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019, respectively, as all options were fully vested in 2018. The Company recognized approximately $1,000 and $36,000 of expense during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018, respectively.

Common Stock Awards

During the three months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, the Company granted 7,153 and 375 common stock awards, respectively, and 9,026 and 1,627 common stock awards during the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively, based on the value of the professional services provided and the average stock price during each respective quarter. As all services were rendered in each respective quarter, approximately $15,000 and $17,000 of expense related to common stock awards was recognized during the three month periods ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively, and approximately $47,000 and $52,000 of expense during the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively. Other than 7,836 shares of Common Stock issued in June 2019, which represented common stock awards authorized but not issued as of March 31, 2019, all common stock awards were authorized but not issued as of September 30, 2019.

Warrants

In connection with certain of the Company’s collaboration agreements and consulting arrangements, the Company has issued warrants to purchase shares of common stock as payment for services. As of September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, collaboration warrants to purchase 44,944 shares of common stock were outstanding, respectively. The fair value of these warrants was determined at each issuance date using the Black-Scholes option pricing model. The warrants are subject to re-measurement at each reporting period until the measurement date is reached. Expense is recognized on a straight-line basis over the expected service period or at the date of issuance, if there is not a service period. These warrants have an average weighted exercise price of $124.90 and expiration dates ranging from December 2019 through May 2021. No collaboration warrants were granted or exercised in connection with collaboration or consulting services during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively.

During the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, there was no provision for income taxes as the Company incurred losses during both periods. Deferred tax assets and liabilities reflect the net tax effect of temporary differences between the carrying amount of assets and liabilities for financial reporting purposes and the amounts used for income tax purposes. The Company records a valuation allowance against its deferred tax assets as the Company believes it is more likely than not the deferred tax assets will not be realized. The valuation allowance against deferred tax assets was approximately $26.2 million and $23.5 million as of September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively.

As of September 30, 2019, and December 31, 2018, the net deferred tax liability of $2.9 million on the condensed consolidated balance sheets is related to book and tax basis differences for intangible assets with indefinite lives that were acquired in the Company’s January 2012 acquisition of SymbioTec. In accordance with ASC 740-10-30-18, the deferred tax liability related to the intangible assets cannot be used to offset deferred tax assets when determining the amount of the valuation allowance for deferred tax assets which are not more-likely-than-not to be realized. This results in a net deferred tax liability, even though the Company has a full valuation allowance on its other net deferred tax assets. This net deferred tax liability will continue to be reflected on the balance sheet until the related intangible assets are no longer held by the Company.

As of September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, the Company did not record any unrecognized tax positions.

Leases

The Company determines whether an arrangement is a lease at inception. In January 2019, the Company entered into a sublease and relocated its corporate headquarters from Lexington, Massachusetts to Framingham, Massachusetts. This sublease calls for total future minimum rent payments of approximately $52,000 and has a termination date of September 30, 2020, which corresponds to the underlying base lease. The Company does not have options to extend, termination options or material residual value guarantees. The Company recorded a right-of-use (“ROU”) asset and corresponding lease liability on the condensed consolidated balance sheet. The Company recognized a ROU asset and a lease liability of approximately $43,000 during the nine months ended September 30, 2019. As the sublease does not provide an implicit rate, we used our incremental borrowing rate (10.2%) based on the information available at the lease’s commencement date in determining the present value of lease payments.

Supplemental cash flow information and non-cash activity related to our operating leases are as follows:

Supplemental balance sheet information related to our operating leases is as follows:

The Company did not apply the provisions of ASU 2016-02 to the lease of its former headquarters in Lexington, Massachusetts or its office space lease in Miami, Florida as they did not have a material impact on our condensed consolidated financial statements. The leases would have resulted in a combined increase in total assets of approximately $3,000 and a combined increase in total liabilities of approximately $3,000 in our September 30, 2019 condensed consolidated balance sheet, respectively, and would not have a material impact on our accumulated deficit as of the beginning of 2019. The lease of the Company’s former headquarters expired on January 31, 2019 and the Miami office space lease expires in November 2019. As of September 30, 2019, total minimum lease payments on these leases were approximately $3,000.

The Company has entered into various research, development, license and supply agreements with Serum Institute and Pharmsynthez (as well as SynBio, a wholly owned subsidiary of Pharmsynthez), each a related party whose relationship has not materially changed from that disclosed in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the years ended December 31, 2018 filed with the SEC on March 29, 2019 as amended on April 30, 2019. In connection with the Offering, Serum Institute’s and Pharmsynthez’ ownership significantly changed. As of September 30, 2019, Serum Institute owned less than 1% and Pharmsynthez owned approximately 7.9% of the total outstanding common stock of the Company.

During the third quarter, the Company entered into a sponsored research agreement with Pharmsynthez related to experiments identified by the Company to support its efforts as it prepares for initial tech transfer of the XCART methods to a future academic collaborator. Under the agreement, the Company made a $350,000 payment to Pharmsynthez during the third quarter of 2019, which is refundable on pro rata basis if the project is terminated prematurely as a result of Pharmsynthez failing to perform the work. The Company expensed approximately $40,000 related to this agreement during the three months ended September 30, 2019. As of September 30, 2019, approximately $310,000 was recorded as an advanced payment and included in Prepaid expenses and other on the September 30, 2019 condensed consolidated balance sheet.

On July 19, 2019, the Company acquired the XCART technology platform from Hesperix and OPKO. Dr. Genkin is a director and significant shareholder of Hesperix. In addition, the Company agreed to repay an approximate $225,000 loan that Dr. Genkin entered into with Hesperix. Mr. Adam Logal, one of our directors, is Senior Vice President, Chief Financial Officer, Chief Accounting Officer and Treasurer of OPKO Health, Inc., the parent company of OPKO.

Subsequent to quarter end, the Company entered into a loan agreement with Pharmsynthez (the “Pharmsynthez Loan”), pursuant to which the Company shall advance Pharmsynthez an aggregate principal amount of up to $500,000 to be used for the development of a specific product under the August 2011 Stock Subscription and Collaborative Development of Pharmaceutical Products Agreement between the Company and SynBio. The Pharmsynthez Loan has a term of 15-months and shall accrue interest at a rate of 10% per annum. The Pharmsynthez Loan is guaranteed by SynBio and AS Kevelt, which are the operating entities of Pharmsynthez, and is secured by all of the equity interests of the Company owned by Pharmsynthez and SynBio.

The Company performed a review of events subsequent to the balance sheet date through the date the financial statements were issued and determined that there were no such events requiring recognition or disclosure in the financial statements other than as discussed above.

ITEM 2 – MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

CAUTIONARY NOTE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

This report contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”), and Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended. All statements contained in this Quarterly Report other than statements of historical fact, including statements regarding our future results of operations and financial position, our business strategy and plans, future revenues, projected costs, prospects and our objectives for future operations, are forward-looking statements. These forward-looking statements include, but are not limited to, statements concerning our plans to develop our proposed drug candidates; our expectations regarding the nature, timing and extent of clinical trials and proposed clinical trials including the timing of generating clinical data from these trials; our expectations regarding the timing for proposed submissions of regulatory filings, including but not limited to any Investigational New Drug (“IND”) filing or any New Drug Application; the nature, timing and extent of collaboration arrangements; the expected results pursuant to collaboration arrangements including the receipts of future payments that may arise pursuant to collaboration arrangements; the outcome of our plans to obtain regulatory approval of our drug candidates; the outcome of our plans for the commercialization of our drug candidates; our plans to address certain markets, engage third party manufacturers, and evaluate additional drug candidates for subsequent commercial development, and the likelihood and extent of competition to our drug candidates; the development of the Chimeric Antigen Receptor (“CAR”) T cell technology; our plans to initially apply the XCART technology to advance cell-based therapeutics by targeting the unique B-cell receptor on the surface of an individual patient’s malignant tumor cells for the treatment of B-cell lymphomas; our beliefs regarding the expected results of the XCART technology, including its potential to significantly enhance the safety and efficacy of cell therapy for B-cell lymphomas by generating patient- and tumor-specific CAR T cells; and our anticipation that our primary focus will now be on advancing the XCART technology through regulatory approval and commercialization.

In some cases, these statements may be identified by terminology such as “may”, “will”, “should”, “expect”, “plan”, “anticipate”, “believe”, “estimate”, “predict”, “potential”, or “continue”, or the negative of such terms and other comparable terminology. Although we believe that the expectations reflected in the forward-looking statements contained herein are reasonable, we cannot guarantee future results, the levels of activity, performance or achievements. These statements involve known and unknown risks and uncertainties that may cause our or our industry’s results, levels of activity, performance or achievements to be materially different from those expressed or implied by forward-looking statements.

The Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations (the “MD&A”) should be read together with our condensed consolidated financial statements and related notes included elsewhere in this Quarterly Report. This Quarterly Report, including the MD&A, contains trend analysis and other forward-looking statements. Any statements in this Quarterly Report that are not statements of historical facts are forward-looking statements. These forward-looking statements made herein are based on our current expectations, involve a number of risks and uncertainties and should not be considered as guarantees of future performance.

Some factors that could cause actual results to differ materially include without limitation:

These factors are not necessarily all of the important factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from those expressed in the forward-looking statements in this Quarterly Report. Other unknown or unpredictable factors also could have material adverse effects on our future results, including, but not limited to, those discussed in the section titled “Risk Factors.” The forward-looking statements in this Quarterly Report are made only as of the date of this Quarterly Report, and we do not undertake any obligation to publicly update any forward-looking statements to reflect subsequent events or circumstances. We intend that all forward-looking statements be subject to the safe-harbor provisions of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995.

BUSINESS OVERVIEW

We are a biopharmaceutical company focused on progressing XCART, a personalized CAR T cell platform technology engineered to target patient-specific tumor neoantigens. The Company is initially advancing cell-based therapeutics targeting the unique B-cell receptor on the surface of an individual patient’s malignant tumor cells, for the treatment of B-cell lymphomas. The XCART technology, developed by the Scripps Research Institute (the “Institute”) in collaboration with the Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry (“IBCH”), is believed to have the potential to significantly enhance the safety and efficacy of cell therapy for B-cell lymphomas by generating patient- and tumor-specific CAR T cells. On March 1, 2019, the Company agreed to acquire the XCART technology (the “Transaction”) and closed the Transaction on July 19, 2019 concurrent with the completion of an approximate $15 million public offering (the “Offering”).

The XCART technology platform was designed by its originators to utilize an established screening technique to identify peptide ligands that bind specifically to the unique B-cell receptor (“BCR”) on the surface of an individual patient’s malignant tumor cells. The peptide is then inserted into the antigen-binding domain of a CAR T cell, and a subsequent transduction/transfection process is used to engineer the patient’s T cells into a CAR T format which redirects the patient’s T cells to attack the tumor. Essentially, the XCART screening platform is the inverse of a typical CAR T screening protocol wherein libraries of highly specific antibody domains are screened against a given target. In the case of XCART screening, the target is itself an antibody domain, and hence highly specific by its nature. The XCART technology creates the possibility of personalized treatment of lymphomas utilizing a CAR with an antigen-binding domain that should only recognize, and only be recognized by, the unique BCR of a particular patient’s B-cell lymphoma. An expected result for XCART is limited off-tumor toxicities, such as B-cell aplasia. Our clinical development program will seek to confirm the early preclinical results, and to demonstrate a more attractive safety profile than existing therapies. We anticipate that our primary focus will now be on advancing this technology through regulatory approval and commercialization.

We also have oncology therapeutic investigational drug candidate XBIO-101 (sodium cridanimod) for the treatment of progestin resistant endometrial cancer. We have exclusive rights to develop and commercialize XBIO-101 worldwide, except for specified countries in the Commonwealth of Independent States. XBIO-101 has been granted orphan drug designation by the United States (“U.S.”) Food and Drug Administration (“FDA”) for the potential treatment of progesterone receptor negative endometrial cancer in conjunction with progesterone therapy. We commenced a Phase II trial under an IND in 2017, with first patient dosed in October 2017. We closed patient enrollment in the trial in March 2019 as a result of slower than expected progress on the trial resulting from patient enrollment and retention challenges and have suspended further development of XBIO-101.

Additionally, our proprietary drug development platform, PolyXen, enables next-generation biological drugs by modifying their half-life and other pharmacological properties. PolyXen has been demonstrated in human clinical trials to confer prolonged half-life on biotherapeutics such as recombinant human erythropoietin and recombinant Factor VIII (“rFVIII”). We believe this technology may be applied to a variety of drug candidates to enhance the properties of the therapeutic, potentially providing advantages over competing products.

Our drug candidates have resulted from our research activities or that of our collaborators and are in the development stage. As a result, we continue to commit a significant amount of our resources to our research and development activities and anticipate continuing to do so for the near future. To date, none of our drug candidates have received regulatory marketing authorization in the U.S. by the FDA nor in any other territories by any applicable agencies. Although we hold a broad patent portfolio, the focus of our internal development efforts was limited in the first nine months of 2019 to research and development of XBIO-101 and preliminary development efforts associated with the XCART technology.

Going Concern

Management evaluates whether there are conditions or events, considered in the aggregate, that raise substantial doubt about our ability to continue as a going concern within one year after the date that the financial statements are issued. We have incurred substantial losses since our inception, and we expect to continue to incur operating losses in the near-term. These factors raise substantial doubt about our ability to continue as a going concern. The Company believes that it has access to capital resources through possible public or private equity offerings, debt financings, corporate collaborations, related party funding, or other means to continue as a going concern. On March 7, 2019, the Company closed on a $3.1 million registered direct common stock offering resulting in $2.7 million of net proceeds to the Company. On July 19, 2019, the Company completed the Offering resulting in approximately $13.4 million of net proceeds to the Company. The Company believes that these financings, coupled with the Company’s existing resources, will be adequate to fund the Company’s operations as a going concern. However, the Company anticipates it may need additional capital in the long-term to pursue its business initiatives and continue as a going concern. The accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared on a going concern basis and do not include any adjustments related to the recoverability or classification of asset carrying amounts or the amounts and classification of liabilities that may result should the Company be unable to continue as a going concern.  

Critical Accounting Estimates

The preparation of our financial statements in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”) requires management to make estimates, judgments and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenue, costs and expenses during the reporting period. On an ongoing basis, we evaluate management’s estimates that are based on historical experience and on various other assumptions that we believe to be reasonable under the circumstances. The result of these evaluations forms the basis for making judgments about the carrying values of assets and liabilities and the reported amount of expenses that are not readily apparent from other sources. Because future events and their effects cannot be determined with certainty, actual results and outcomes could differ materially from our estimates, judgments and assumptions.

There has been no material change to our critical accounting estimates since those critical accounting estimates described in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2018 filed with the SEC on March 29, 2019 as amended on April 30, 2019.

RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

Comparison of Quarter Ended September 30, 2019 and 2018

The comparison of our historical results of operations for the fiscal quarter ended September 30, 2019 to the fiscal quarter ended September 30, 2018 is as follows:

Research and Development Expenses

Overall, Research & development (“R&D”) expenses for the three months ended September 30, 2019 increased by $2.8 million, or 378.4% to $3.5 million from $0.7 million in the comparable quarter in 2018 primarily due to in-process research and development (“IPR&D”) expense of $3.0 million. During the three months ended September 30, 2019, the Company expensed $3.0 million of IPR&D associated with the Company’s acquisition of the XCART technology. There was no similar expense in 2018. Excluding the $3.0 million of IPR&D expense from total R&D expense of $3.5 million, R&D expense for the three months ended September 30, 2019 was $0.5 million, a decrease of $0.2 million, or 33.5% from $0.7 million in the comparable period in 2018.

The table below sets forth the R&D costs incurred by the Company by category of expense for the quarters ended September 30, 2019 and 2018:

The decrease in outside services and contract research organizations was primarily due to decreased spending on our XBIO-101 phase 2 clinical trial during the three months ended September 30, 2019 as compared to the same period in the prior year. Costs related to the trial were generally lower as we closed patient enrollment during the first quarter of 2019 and suspended further development of XBIO-101. Share-based expense increased during the three months ended September 30, 2019 as compared to the same period in the prior year primarily due to the revaluation of warrants issued to Serum Institute in 2016. Other expense decreased during the three months ended September 30, 2019 as compared to the same period in the prior year primarily due to lower rent costs as we relocated our corporate headquarters in January 2019.

General and Administrative Expenses

General and administrative (“G&A”) expenses for the three months ended September 30, 2019 was $2.1 million, increasing by approximately $1.1 million for the quarter ended September 30, 2019 compared to the same period in the prior year, primarily due to $1.1 million of transaction costs associated with the XCART acquisition. There was no similar expense in 2018. Excluding the $1.1 million of transaction costs, associated with the XCART acquisition from the total G&A expense of $2.1 million, G&A expenses for the three months ended September 30, 2019 was $1.0 million, a decrease of approximately $39,000, or 3.6% from $1.1 million in the comparable quarter in 2018. This decrease was primarily due to lower consulting and share-based expense during the three months ended September 30, 2019 compared to the same period in the prior year, partially offset by an increase in investor relations activities during the third quarter of 2019.

Goodwill Impairment

Goodwill impairment was $3.3 million for the three months ended September 30, 2019 compared to no impairment for the same period in the prior year. During the third quarter of 2019, we experienced a significant decline in our stock price. As a result, our market capitalization fell significantly below the recorded value of our consolidated net assets and our analysis determined that Goodwill was fully impaired.

Other Income (Expense)

Other expense was $223 for the three months ended September 30, 2019 compared to approximately $2,300 of other income for the same period in 2018. This increase in expense was primarily related to changes in foreign currency exchange rates during the third quarter of 2019 as compared to the same period in 2018.

Interest Income

Interest income increased to approximately $47,000 during the three months ended September 30, 2019 as compared to $59 in same period in the prior year. This increase is due to the increase in cash in the third quarter of 2019 as compared to the third quarter of 2018 due to the receipt of net proceeds of $13.4 million from our Offering.

Comparison of Nine Months Ended September 30, 2019 and 2018

The comparison of our historical results of operations for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 to the nine months ended September 30, 2018 is as follows:

Research and Development Expenses

Overall, R&D expenses for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 increased by $2.1 million, or 88.8% to $4.5 million from $2.4 million in the comparable period in 2018 primarily due to IPR&D expense of $3.0 million. During the nine months ended September 30, 2019, the Company expensed $3.0 million of IPR&D associated with the Company’s acquisition of the XCART technology. There was no similar expense in 2018. Excluding the $3.0 million of IPR&D expense from total R&D expense of $4.5 million, R&D expense for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 was $1.4 million, a decrease of $0.9 million, or 39.2%, from $2.4 million in the comparable period in 2018.

The table below sets forth the R&D costs incurred by us, by category of expense, for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018:

The decrease in outside services and contract research organizations expense was primarily due to decreased spending on our XBIO-101 phase 2 clinical trial during the nine months ended September 30, 2019 as compared to same period in the prior year. Costs related to the trial were generally lower as we closed patient enrollment during the first quarter of 2019 and suspended further development of XBIO-101. Other expense decreased during the nine months ended September 30, 2019 as compared to the same period in the prior year primarily due to lower rent costs as we relocated our corporate headquarters in January 2019. Share-based expense decreased during the nine months ended September 30, 2019 as compared to the same period in the prior year primarily due to the revaluation of warrants issued to Serum Institute in 2016.

General and Administrative Expenses

G&A expenses was $3.9 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2019, increasing by approximately $0.6 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 compared to the same period in the prior year primarily due to $1.1 million of transaction costs associated with the XCART acquisition. There was no similar expense in 2018. Excluding the $1.1 million of transaction costs associated with the XCART acquisition from total G&A expenses of $3.9 million, G&A expenses for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 was $2.8 million, a decrease of $0.5 million, or 14.5%, from $3.3 million in the comparable period in 2018. Payroll and share-based expense decreased due to lower headcount during the nine months ended September 30, 2019 compared to the same period in the prior year, and consulting costs decreased as we reduced spending due to capital constraints. These decreases were partially offset by an increase in investor relations activities during the nine months ended September 30, 2019 compared to the same period in the prior year.

Goodwill Impairment

Goodwill impairment was $3.3 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 compared to no impairment for the same period in the prior year. During the third quarter of 2019, we experienced a significant decline in our stock price. As a result, our market capitalization fell significantly below the recorded value of our consolidated net assets and our analysis determined that Goodwill was fully impaired.

Other Income (Expense)

Other income was $267 for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 compared to $24,838 of other expense for the same period in 2018. This decrease in expense was primarily related to a reduction in foreign currency transactions and related changes in foreign currency exchange rates during the nine months ended September 30, 2019 as compared to the same period in 2018.

Interest Income

Interest income increased to approximately $47,000 during the nine months ended September 30, 2019 as compared to $424 in same period in the prior year. This increase is due to the increase in cash during the nine months ended September 30, 2019 as compared to the same period in the prior year due to the receipt of net proceeds of $13.4 million from the Offering.

Non-GAAP Measures

In the Company’s narrative discussion of operations above, we exclude the impact of the Company’s acquisition of the XCART technology from certain operating measures, which narrative discussion includes reconciliation of such adjusted financial measures to the directly comparable GAAP financial measure. We believe these adjusted operating measures may provide investors with useful information regarding our underlying performance from period to period and allow investors to better understand our results of operations. Management uses these adjusted measures when assessing the performance of the business.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

We incurred a net loss of approximately $11.6 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2019. We had an accumulated deficit of approximately $164.8 million at September 30, 2019 as compared to an accumulated deficit of approximately $153.2 million at December 31, 2018. Working capital was approximately $11.2 million at September 30, 2019 and $(0.4) million at December 31, 2018, respectively. During the nine months ended September 30, 2019, our working capital increased by $11.6 million due to the Offering and our March 2019 registered direct offering resulting in $16.1 million in combined net proceeds to us. This increase in working capital was partially offset by our net loss for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and transaction costs incurred in connection with the acquisition of the IPR&D. We expect to continue incurring losses for the foreseeable future and may need to raise additional capital or pursue other strategic alternatives in the long-term in order to continue the pursuit of our business plan.

Our principal source of liquidity consists of cash. At September 30, 2019, we had approximately $12.0 million in cash and $1.7 million in current liabilities. At December 31, 2018, we had approximately $0.6 million in cash and $1.6 million in current liabilities.

We have historically relied upon sales of our equity securities to fund our operations. From 2005 until September 30, 2019 we have raised approximately $76.0 million in proceeds from offerings of our common and preferred stock and received approximately $20.0 million from revenue producing activities. More than 90% of the milestone and sublicense revenue received to date has been from a single collaborator, Takeda Pharmaceuticals Co. Ltd. We expect the majority of our funding through equity or equity-linked instruments, debt financings, corporate collaborations, related party funding and/or licensing agreements to continue as a trend for the foreseeable future.

Management evaluates whether there are conditions or events, considered in the aggregate, that raise substantial doubt about our ability to continue as a going concern within one year after the date that the financial statements are issued. We have incurred substantial losses since our inception, and we expect to continue to incur operating losses in the near-term. These factors raise substantial doubt about our ability to continue as a going concern. We believe that we have access to capital resources through possible public or private equity offerings, debt financings, corporate collaborations, related party funding, or other means to continue as a going concern. On March 7, 2019, we closed on a $3.1 million registered direct common stock offering resulting in $2.7 million of net proceeds to us. On July 19, 2019, we completed the Offering resulting in approximately $13.4 million of net proceeds to us. We believe that these financings, coupled with our existing resources, will be adequate to fund our operations as a going concern. However, we anticipate we may need additional capital in the long-term to pursue our business initiatives and continue as a going concern. The accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared on a going concern basis and do not include any adjustments related to the recoverability or classification of asset carrying amounts or the amounts and classification of liabilities that may result should we be unable to continue as a going concern. 

Cash Flows from Operating Activities

Cash flows used in operating activities for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 totaled approximately $4.7 million, which was primarily due to our net loss for the period, offset by non-cash charges associated with acquired IPR&D, goodwill impairment and share-based expense.

Cash flows used in operating activities for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 totaled approximately $5.4 million, which was primarily due to our $5.7 million net loss for the period offset by non-cash charges of $1.2 million, and approximately $0.9 million of cash used to reduce accounts payable and accrued expenses.

Cash Flows from Investing Activities

Cash flows provided by investing activities for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 totaled $2,000, which represented proceeds from the sale of property and equipment.

Cash flows provided by investing activities for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 totaled approximately $23,000 which represented proceeds from the sale of lab equipment.

Cash Flow from Financing Activities

Cash flows from financing activities for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 totaled approximately $16.1 million representing net proceeds from our registered direct offering in March 2019 and the Offering in July 2019.

Cash flows from financing activities for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 totaled approximately $1.5 million representing proceeds from the exercise of warrants.

Contractual Obligations and Commitments

As of September 30, 2019, there were no material changes in our contractual obligations and commitments from those disclosed in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2018, filed with the SEC on March 29, 2019 as amended on April 30, 2019. See Note 11 to our condensed consolidated financial statements for a summary of our lease commitments.

Off Balance Sheet Arrangements

We do not have any off-balance sheet financing arrangements that have or are reasonably likely to have a current or future material effect on our financial condition, change in financial condition, revenues or expenses, results of operations, liquidity, capital expenditures, or capital resources.

Recent Accounting Standards

See Note 2 to the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements in Part I, Item 1 of this Quarterly Report and Note 2 in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2018, filed with the SEC on March 29, 2019 as amended on April 30, 2019 for a discussion of recent accounting standards.

Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates

Our condensed consolidated financial statements are prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP. The preparation of our condensed consolidated financial statements requires us to make estimates, assumptions and judgments that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenue, costs and expenses. We base our estimates and assumptions on historical experience and other factors that we believe to be reasonable under the circumstances. We evaluate our estimates and assumptions on an ongoing basis. Our actual results may differ from these estimates. There have been no material changes in our critical accounting policies from those disclosed in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2018 filed with the SEC on March 29, 2019 as amended on April 30, 2019.

ITEM 3 – QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK

We are not required to provide the information required by this Item because we are a “smaller reporting company” (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”)).

ITEM 4 – CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES

Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures

Our management, with the participation of our Chief Executive Officer (principal executive officer) and Chief Financial Officer (principal financial officer), evaluated the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) or 15d-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”), as of the end of the period covered by this Quarterly Report.

Based on this evaluation, our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, concluded that as of the end of the period covered by this Quarterly Report, our disclosure controls and procedures are designed at a reasonable assurance level and are effective to provide reasonable assurance that information we are required to disclose in reports that we file or submit under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized, and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms, and that such information is accumulated and communicated to our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.

Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting

There were no changes in our internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the period covered by this Quarterly Report that would have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

PART II – OTHER INFORMATION

ITEM 1 – LEGAL PROCEEDINGS

We are not currently subject to any material legal proceedings, nor, to our knowledge, is any material legal proceeding threatened against us. From time to time, we may be a party to certain legal proceedings, incidental to the normal course of our business. While the outcome of these legal proceedings cannot be predicted with certainty, we do not expect that these proceedings will have a material effect upon our financial condition or results of operations.

ITEM 1A – RISK FACTORS

There have been no material changes to the risk factors previously disclosed in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2018 filed with the SEC on March 29, 2019 as amended on April 30, 2019.

ITEM 2 – UNREGISTERED SALES OF EQUITY SECURITIES AND USE OF PROCEEDS

None.

ITEM 3 – DEFAULTS UPON SENIOR SECURITIES

None.

ITEM 4 – MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES

Not applicable.

ITEM 5 – OTHER INFORMATION

None.

ITEM 6 – EXHIBITS

The following exhibits are incorporated herein by reference or filed as part of this report.

SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.