UNITED STATES SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, DC 20549

Form 10-K/A

Amendment No. 1

Commission File Number: 333-178082

XENETIC BIOSCIENCES, INC.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

99 Hayden Ave, Suite 230

Lexington, Massachusetts 02421

(Address of principal executive offices and zip code)

781-778-7720

(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

None

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act:

None

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act:    Yes  ¨    No   x

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Act:    Yes  ¨    No  x

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days):    Yes  x    No  ¨

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§ 232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files):    Yes  x    No  ¨

Indicate by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers pursuant to Item 405 of Regulation S-K (§ 229.405) is not contained herein, and will not be contained, to the best of registrant’s knowledge, in definitive proxy or information statements incorporated by reference in Part III of this Form 10-K or any amendment to this Form 10-K:    Yes  x    No  ¨

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or a smaller reporting company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer” and “smaller reporting company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. (Check one):

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Exchange Act Rule 12b-2):    Yes  ¨    No  x

The approximate aggregate market value of voting common stock held by non-affiliates of the registrant, based upon the last sale price of the registrant’s common stock on the last business day of the registrant’s most recently completed second fiscal quarter June 30, 2015 (based upon the shares of common stock at the closing sale price of the registrant’s common stock listed as reported on the OTC Bulletin Board), was approximately $9,500,000.

As of April 29, 2016 the number of outstanding shares of the registrant’s common stock was 297,790,240.

DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE

None.

EXPLANATORY NOTE

The Registrant is filing this Amendment No. 1 on Form 10-K/A (“Form 10-K/A”) to its Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2015 (“Form 10-K”) to include all of the Part III information required by applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”). Accordingly, the Registrant hereby amends and replaces in their entirety Items 10, 11, 12, 13 and 14 in the Form 10-K.

On April 28, 2016, the Company issued 145,810,156 new shares of its common stock in connection with the conversion of all convertible promissory notes issued in 2015 and 2016 as well as shares issue pursuant to final closing of an asset purchase agreement, both with PJSC Pharmsynthez (f/k/a OJSC Pharmsynthez) (“Pharmsynthez”) as follows:

Issuance of the 145,810,156 shares described above are reflected accordingly in this Form 10-K/A.

Except as described above, there have been no other changes to the Annual Report filed on Form 10-K filed with the SEC on March 30, 2016. This Form 10-K/A does not purport to reflect any information or events subsequent to the filing thereof. As such, this Form 10-K/A speaks only as of the date the Form 10-K was filed, and the Registrant has not undertaken herein to amend, supplement or update any information contained in the Form 10-K to give effect to any subsequent events. Accordingly, this Form 10-K/A should be read in conjunction with the Form 10-K.

PART III

ITEM 10 – DIRECTORS, EXECUTIVE OFFICERS AND CORPORATE GOVERNANCE

Directors and Executive Officers

Set forth below is the name, age, position and brief account of the business experience of each of our executive officers and directors as of April 29, 2016. Each of our directors will hold office until our next annual meeting of shareholders or until his or her successor has been duly elected and qualified.

Michael Scott Maguire

Mr. Maguire has been President, Chief Executive Officer and Director of the Company since his appointment in 2004. His background is in life science and healthcare investment banking and he has advised many US and European companies on capital raisings and commercial development over his 26 year career. Mr. Maguire began his banking career with Merrill Lynch in 1987 in New York, and after receiving his MBA from the Babson Graduate School in 1993, he joined the healthcare division of W.R. Grace National Medical Care (“NMC”) where he helped develop the international healthcare division. During his time in charge of international business development, he helped double NMC’s international revenues through Mergers and Acquisitions. In 1996 he co-founded the Arthur Andersen global healthcare corporate finance practice based in London, a practice that he built to include a staff of 36 across the US and Europe, elevating to the role of managing director. Mr. Maguire is currently a director of Healthcare Capital Partners Limited, a healthcare corporate finance and proprietary investment boutique he co-founded in 2002 and a non-executive director of Renal Services (UK) Limited, a company focused on dialysis service provision in the U.K. Based on Mr. Maguire’s experience within the biotechnology sector and his executive experience, specifically his experience as an executive officer at other companies, as well as his service on other boards of directors, the Board believes Mr. Maguire has the appropriate set of skills to serve as a member of our Board.

Dr. Dmitry Genkin

Dr. Genkin was appointed as a Director of the Company in September 2015. Dr. Genkin has the Russian equivalent of an MD in Internal Therapy and studied drug delivery under Professor Gregoriadis at The School of Pharmacy, University of London in 1992 and the Department of Clinical Pharmacology at Karolinska Hospital, Stockholm from 1992 until 1993. Since 1993, Dr. Genkin has headed a number of Russia's largest pharmaceutical companies including Pharmavit, which had 27% of the Russian pharmaceutical market. In 1998, he was awarded the silver medal by the Russian Natural Science Academy. Dr. Genkin is currently a partner and director of FDS Pharma and Chairman of Pharmsynthez, which is listed on the Moscow stock exchange. Based on Dr. Genkin’s experience in the field of life sciences and biotechnology, the Board believes Dr. Genkin has the appropriate set of skills to serve as a member of our Board.

Firdaus Jal Dastoor, FCS

Mr. Dastoor was appointed as a Director of the Company in January 2014 pursuant to terms included in the Company’s acquisition of Xenetic UK. Mr. Dastoor was appointed non-executive Director of Xenetic UK in July 2007. He has been a Fellow Member of The Institute of Company Secretaries of India since 2008 and began his career as a company secretary. He was Company Secretary of the Poonawalla Group until 1994. He then took on assignments involved in business development strategies and operations. Mr. Dastoor is on the board of several companies operating in the field of engineering products, life sciences and biotech, international trade, financial services and quality standards certifications. Currently, he is a Group Director of the Poonawalla Group of Companies in charge of Finance and Corporate Affairs. Based on Mr. Dastoor’s experience in the field of life sciences and biotechnology, finance and business development, the Board believes Mr. Dastoor has the appropriate set of skills to serve as a member of our Board.

Darlene Deptula-Hicks

Ms. Deptula-Hicks was appointed to the Board of Directors of the Company in April 2014. Ms. Deptula-Hicks is a strategic senior financial executive with extensive experience in both public and private companies, including experience in fund raising, mergers and acquisitions, public and private offerings and with operational management focused in life sciences. Since September 2015, Ms. Deptula-Hicks is the Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer of Pieris Pharmaceuticals, Inc. (NASDAQ:PIRS).  In November 2014, Ms. Deptula-Hicks was engaged as a financial consultant at Pieris Pharmaceuticals, Inc. pursuant to a consulting agreement with the financial advisory firm of Danforth Advisors, LLC.   Prior to that and since June 2012, Ms. Deptula-Hicks served as Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer of Microline Surgical, Inc. From 2006 to 2011, Ms. Deptula-Hicks was the Executive Vice President, Chief Financial Officer, Treasurer and Secretary of ICAD, Inc.  She received her Bachelor of Science in Accounting from Southern New Hampshire University and her MBA from Rivier College. Based upon her extensive financial experience including experience in fund raising, mergers, public companies and life sciences, the Board believes Ms. Deptula-Hicks has the appropriate set of skills to serve as a member of our Board.

Roman Knyazev

Mr. Knyazev was appointed to the Board of Directors of the Company in April 2014.  Mr. Knyazev has been an Investment director for Rusnano Moscow since 2009 and is currently on the board of several biotechnology companies. In his current role, he provides technical expertise, asset valuation, financial modelling and business valuation as well as develops and presents investment strategies and project financing to clients. In 2003, he began his career as the Chief Financial Officer of Biotech Pharma Moscow where he gained experience in both the financial and management sector. Mr. Knyazev led the development and implementation of management accounting and budgeting processes as well as facilitated internal audits of regional branches. Mr. Knyazev is a Kauffman Fellow, Class 17, which is a Silicon Valley-based two year leadership program for venture capitalists and innovators of all kinds. Based on Mr. Knyazev’s experience in clinical stage biotechnology companies, the Board believes Mr. Knyazev has the appropriate set of skills to serve as a member of our Board.

Dr. Roger Kornberg

Dr. Kornberg was appointed to the Board of Directors of the Company in February 2016. Dr. Kornberg is a member of the U.S. National Academy of Sciences and the Winzer Professor of Medicine in the Department of Structural Biology at Stanford University. He earned his bachelor's degree in chemistry from Harvard University in 1967 and his Ph.D. in chemical physics from Stanford in 1972. He became a postdoctoral fellow at the Laboratory of Molecular Biology in Cambridge, England and then an assistant professor of biological chemistry at Harvard Medical School in 1976, before moving to his present position as professor of structural biology at Stanford Medical School in 1978. In 2006, Dr. Kornberg was awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in recognition for his studies of the molecular basis of Eukaryotic Transcription, the process by which DNA is copied to RNA. Dr. Kornberg is also the recipient of several awards, including the 2001 Welch Prize, the highest award granted in the field of chemistry in the United States, and the 2002 Leopald Mayer Prize, the highest award granted in the field of biomedical sciences from the French Academy of Sciences. Based on Dr. Kornberg’s experience in the field of molecular biology, the Board believes Dr. Kornberg has the appropriate set of skills to serve as a member of our Board.

Board of Directors’ Role in Risk Oversight

Our Board of Directors is responsible for consideration and oversight of risks facing the Company, and is responsible for ensuring that material risks are identified and managed appropriately, including the evaluation of risk assessment and the Company’s risk management policies. In fulfilling this role, the Board of Directors receives reports directly from the Company’s management. In addition, the Board of Directors reviews areas of material risk to the Company, including operational, financial, legal, regulatory and strategic risks. The Board of Directors also considers the risks associated with our compensation policies and practices, oversees risks associated with our governance structure and processes and annually reviews our organizational documents and other policies. The Board of Directors also considers specific risk topics in connection with strategic planning and other matters.

The Board of Directors

The Board of Directors held six meetings during the fiscal year ended December 31, 2015. During the 2015 fiscal year, all Board members attended at least 75% of the total number of Board meetings held during the period he or she was a director. Currently, the Board consists of six members: Michael Scott Maguire, Dr. Dmitry Genkin, Firdaus Jal Dastoor, Darlene Deptula-Hicks, Roman Knyazev and Dr. Roger Kornberg. On April 16, 2015, Mark Leuchtenberger, who was the former Chairman of the Board, resigned from the Board of Directors. The Chairman of the Board position remains vacant at the time of filing this Amendment No. 1 on SEC Form 10-K/A. Please refer to SEC Form 8-K filed on April 21, 2015 for additional information regarding Mr. Leuchtenberger’s resignation from the Board of Directors. Members shall hold office until their successors have been duly elected and qualified. Vacancies on the Board of Directors resulting from death, resignation, disqualification, removal, or other causes can be filled by the affirmative vote of a majority of the directors then in office. Any director so elected, shall hold office for the remainder of the full term of the director for which the vacancy was created or occurred and until such director’s successor shall have been duly elected and qualified.

Committees of the Board

By unanimous vote, on August 19, 2014, the Board of Directors has designated three standing committees: the Audit Committee, the Compensation Committee and the Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee and it adopted charters to govern the conduct, authority and responsibilities of each of these committees. Copies of the current committee charters are available on the Company’s website, WWW.XENETICBIO.COM.

Audit Committee

The Audit Committee is responsible for making recommendations to the Board of Directors concerning the selection and engagement of independent accountants and for reviewing the scope of the annual audit, audit fees, results of the audit and auditor independence. The Audit Committee also reviews and discusses with management and the Board of Directors such matters as accounting policies, internal accounting controls and procedures for preparation of financial statements. Its membership is currently comprised of Ms. Deptula-Hicks (Chairperson) and Mr. Dastoor. The Board of Directors determined that Ms. Deptula-Hicks, the Chairperson of the Audit Committee, is an “audit committee financial expert” within the meaning of applicable regulations adopted by the SEC.

The Audit Committee held four meetings during 2015. Prior to the formation of the Audit Committee, the Board of Directors as a whole performed the equivalent function. On August 19, 2014, the Board of Directors adopted the Company’s Audit Committee Charter, which provides that the Audit Committee shall consist of at least three members. The resignation of former Director and Audit Committee member, Mr. Leuchtenberger, on April 16, 2015 created a vacancy on the Audit Committee that has not been filled as of April 29, 2016. Any vacancy occurring on the Audit Committee may be filled only by the Board of Directors. A copy of the current Audit Committee Charter is available on the Company’s website, WWW.XENETICBIO.COM. The adequacy of the Audit Committee Charter shall be reassessed annually.

Compensation Committee

The Compensation Committee is responsible for discharging the Board of Director’s responsibilities relating to the compensation of the directors and executives, and overseeing the Company’s overall compensation structure, policies and programs. Its membership is currently comprised of Ms. Deptula-Hicks and Mr. Dastoor. The Compensation Committee held two meetings during 2015. Prior to the formation of the Compensation Committee, the Board of Directors as a whole performed the equivalent function. On August 19, 2014, the Board of Directors adopted the Company’s Compensation Committee Charter, which provides that it shall consist of no fewer than two members. A copy of the current Compensation Committee Charter is available on the Company’s website, WWW.XENETICBIO.COM. The adequacy of the Compensation Committee Charter shall be reassessed annually.

Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee

The Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee is responsible for identifying individuals qualified to become board members, consistent with criteria approved by the Board of Directors, and recommending that the Board of Directors select the director nominees for election at each annual meeting of stockholders. In addition, this committee is also responsible for developing and recommending to the Board of Directors a set of corporate governance guidelines applicable to the Company, periodically reviewing such guidelines and recommending any changes thereto, and overseeing the evaluation of the Board of Directors and management. Its membership is currently comprised of Ms. Deptula-Hicks and Mr. Knyazev. The Nomination and Corporate Governance Committee held one meeting during 2015. On August 19, 2014, the Board of Directors adopted the Company’s Nomination and Corporate Governance Committee Charter, which provides that it shall consist of no fewer than two members. A copy of the current Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee Charter is available on the Company’s website, WWW.XENETICBIO.COM. The adequacy of the Compensation Committee Charter shall be reassessed annually.

Code of Business Conduct and Ethics

On August 19, 2014, the Board of Directors adopted a Code of Business Conduct and Ethics which applies to all employees, including our chief executive office (who is also our principal executive officer and our principal financial officer). A copy of the current Code of Ethics, which is filed as Exhibit 14 to the Amendment No. 1 to the Annual Report on Form 10-K filed April 30, 2015, is available on the Company’s website, WWW.XENETICBIO.COM.

ITEM 11 – EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION

This item sets forth the compensation information for Michael Scott Maguire, our Chief Executive Officer, Colin W. Hill, former Chief Financial Officer and current Director of Lipoxen Technologies Limited, Gregory Gregoriadis, former Chief Scientific Officer of our wholly owned subsidiary, Lipoxen Technologies Limited and Dr. Henry Hoppe IV, Vice President of Drug Development. (each is a “named executive officer” and collectively the “named executive officers” or “most highly compensated employees”).

Summary Compensation Table

Our compensation programs for our executives have historically consisted primarily of a combination of a competitive base salary, cash bonus combined with equity incentive awards.

The following table sets forth information concerning the compensation of our named executive officers and each of our most highly compensated employees for the years ended December 31, 2015 and 2014:

Grants of Plan-Based Awards

During the year ended December 31, 2015, 8 million stock options with an exercise price of $0.42 were granted to our named executive officers under the Xenetic Biosciences, Inc. Equity Incentive Plan.

Outstanding Equity Awards at Fiscal Year-End

The following table sets forth certain information with respect to outstanding equity awards held by our named executive officers at December 31, 2015.

Option Exercises during Fiscal Year

During the year ended December 31, 2015, there were no options exercised by our named executive officers.

Employment Agreements with our Named Executive Officers

Employment Agreement with Michael Scott Maguire

The Company entered into a written employment agreement with Michael Scott Maguire on November 3, 2009 for a term then commencing and continuing thereafter unless and until terminated by either Mr. Maguire or the Company in writing with not less than twelve months’ notice. Mr. Maguire’s present annual salary under his employment agreement is $505,735. The salary under this agreement is subject to periodic review by the Company without any obligation on the part of the Company to increase. The Company is required to make contributions to its Defined Contribution Pension Scheme at a rate of 12% of base salary. Additionally, Mr. Maguire is provided with life insurance coverage equal to four times base salary and is entitled to participate in the Company’s Permanent Health and Private Medical Schemes. He is also eligible to participate in the Company’s bonus and share option/equity incentive schemes in force from time to time. The agreement may be terminated by the Company for good cause without notice or payment in lieu of notice to Mr. Maguire.

Employment Agreement with Colin W. Hill

The Company entered into a written employment agreement with Colin W. Hill in June 2007 for a term commencing June 11, 2007 and continuing thereafter, indefinitely, unless terminated by either Mr. Hill or the Company in writing with not less than twelve months’ notice. While Chief Financial Officer in 2015, Mr. Hill’s annual salary under that employment contract was $234,965. The Company was required to make contributions to a Defined Contribution Personal Pension Scheme at a rate of 12% of base salary. Additionally, Mr. Hill was provided with life insurance coverage. He was also eligible to participate in the Company’s share option/equity incentive schemes in force from time to time but has no contractual entitlement to participate in the Company’s bonus scheme. Mr. Hill’s employment agreement was terminated upon his retirement as the Chief Financial Officer in July 2015. Mr. Hill continues in the capacity as a Director of Lipoxen Technologies Limited, a wholly owned subsidiary of the Company. The Company entered into a separation agreement with Mr. Hill which provided for certain termination payments and benefits, which are included in All Other Compensation in the Summary Compensation Table.

Employment Agreement with Dr. Henry Hoppe IV

The Company entered into a written employment agreement with Dr. Henry Hoppe IV in April 2012. The written employment agreement was amended during 2015. Dr. Hoppe’s current annual salary under his amended employment agreement is $180,000. Dr. Hoppe’s annual base salary shall be re-determined annually by the Chief Executive Officer and or by the Board of Directors and he is eligible for a performance bonus of up to 25% of his then current annual base salary as provided in the agreement. If the Company terminates his agreement without cause or if he terminates his employment agreement with cause, then Dr. Hoppe shall be entitled to a severance payment equal to six months of his annual base salary, plus one month additional salary for each complete year of employment starting with the first anniversary of the effective date of the employment agreement which employment agreement was effective April 2012. The agreement may be terminated by the Company for good cause without notice or payment in lieu of notice to Dr. Hoppe.

Director Compensation Table

The following table sets forth certain information with respect to non-employee director compensation during 2015.

ITEM 12 – SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OWNERS AND MANAGEMENT AND RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS

The following table sets forth certain information regarding the beneficial ownership of the Company’s common stock as of April 29, 2016 by (i) each director of the Company; (ii) each named executive officer of the Company; (iii) all executive officers and directors of the Company as a group; and (iv) each stockholder known by the Company to be the beneficial owner of more than 5% of the shares of its common stock. In compiling the table, the Company has relied upon information supplied by such persons and upon information contained in SEC filings.

Under applicable rules of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (the “Exchange Act”), a person is deemed to beneficially own shares of common stock if that person directly or indirectly has or shares voting power or investment power with respect to those shares. Except as indicated in the footnotes to the table, the individuals and entities named in the table have sole voting and investment power with respect to all shares of common stock that they respectively own beneficially.

Under applicable Exchange Act rules, a person is also deemed to beneficially own shares which the person has the right to acquire within sixty days. For example, on April 29, 2016, if an individual owns options to acquire 1,000 shares of common stock and those options would be exercisable on or before June 28, 2016, that individual will also be deemed to beneficially own those 1,000 shares of common stock on April 29, 2016.

The percentage of shares beneficially owned is based on 308,478,434 shares of common stock issued as of April 29, 2016. Unless otherwise indicated, the address for each listed stockholder is c/o Xenetic Biosciences, Inc., 99 Hayden Ave, Suite 230, Lexington, MA 02421.

Stock-Based Compensation Plans

Prior to the Acquisition, the Company had two incentive stock plans, the Lipoxen plc Unapproved Share Option Plan (the “2000 Stock Plan”) and the Xenetic Biosciences plc 2007 Share Option Scheme (the “2007 Stock Plan”). Subsequent to the Acquisition, the 2000 and 2007 Stock Plans were converted to reflect the new shares issued by the Company under the Scheme of Arrangement related to the Acquisition. As part of the conversion, option holders under the 2000 and 2007 Stock Plan have the right to subscribe for a number of shares of common stock in the Company (the “Replacement Option Shares”) in exchange for the cancellation and surrender by the option holder of the original options granted by the 2000 and 2007 Stock Plans. The number of Replacement Option Shares is determined in the same manner in which the shareholders of Xenetic UK were given the right to acquire shares of common stock in the Company according to the Acquisition. The aggregate exercise price payable in U.S. dollars for Replacement Option Shares is the same as the aggregate exercise price in pounds sterling of the original options, using a foreign currency exchange rate for pounds sterling into U.S. dollars of 1.6531, being the rate quoted by Barclays Bank plc at 12 noon Greenwich Mean Time (“GMT”) on January 22, 2014, the date of the Acquisition.

The Equity Incentive Plan

The Equity Incentive Plan (the “2014 Plan”) was adopted and became effective January 23, 2014. The purpose of the 2014 Plan is to enhance the profitability and value of the Company for the benefit of its stockholders by enabling the Company to offer all eligible present and future employees, consultants and non-employee directors stock-based incentives in the Company in order to attract, retain and reward such individuals and strengthen the mutual interests between such individuals and the Company’s stockholders.

The 2014 Plan provides for the grant of any or a combination of incentive stock options, nonqualified stock options, restricted stock awards, or any other stock based award, including any restricted stock unit to all eligible present and future employees, consultants and non-employee directors. The Company has broad authority to determine whether and to what extent awards are to be granted under the 2014 Plan.

The aggregate number of shares of common stock that may be issued under the 2014 Plan shall not exceed 15% of the issued and outstanding shares of common stock of the Company. Subsequent to the Acquisition, holders of awards under the 2000 Stock Plan and 2007 Stock Plan either forfeited those awards or consented in writing to convert those awards into the 2014 Plan, pursuant to a rollover deed.

Stock-Based Compensation Plan Information

The following table sets forth information as of December 31, 2015 with respect to compensation plans (including individual compensation arrangements) under which equity securities are authorized for issuance:

ITEM 13 – CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED TRANSACTIONS, AND DIRECTOR INDEPENDENCE

Policy Regarding Related Party Transactions

Any transaction between the Company and its officers, directors, principal stockholders or affiliates are required to be on terms no less favorable to us than could be reasonably obtained in arms-length transactions with independent third parties, and any such material related party transactions must also be approved by a majority of the Board of Directors.

Relationship with SynBio LLC

SynBio LLC (“SynBio”) is the Company’s largest single shareholder and currently owns 20.2% of the Company’s common stock. In August 2011, the Company entered into a Co-Development Agreement with SynBio, which is still in effect, pursuant to which the Company granted an exclusive license to SynBio to develop pharmaceutical products within Russia and the Commonwealth of Independent States using certain molecule(s) based on SynBio’s technology and the Company’s proprietary technologies: PolyXen™, OncoHist™ and ImuXen™. In return, SynBio granted an exclusive license to the Company to use the pre-clinical and clinical data generated by SynBio in certain agreed upon products and engage in the development of commercial drug candidates.

The Co-Development Agreement provides for the sale of certain research supplies between each company. For the years ended December 31, 2015 and 2014, the Company did not recognized any supply service revenues from sales to SynBio in connection with the Co-Development Agreement.

Loan from SynBio LLC

In May 2011, the Company entered into a short term unsecured loan facility of up to $1.7 million from SynBio. The loan carried an initial stated interest rate of 8.04% payable upon repayment of the loan. The initial due date of the SynBio loan was December 2011. By written agreement, the initial due date was extended to June 2012. During 2012, the loan matured and it was agreed by both parties that the loan can be called due with full repayment of the outstanding principal including accrued interest upon future agreement by both parties. It was also agreed at this point that as of July 1, 2012, no further interest on the outstanding loan balance will be accrued. No payments were made to SynBio in repayment of the loan during the year ended December 31, 2015. As of December 31, 2015, the loan amount outstanding was $395,000. During 2015, the Company entered into a forbearance agreement with SynBio in regards to the loan which provided for the deferral of all collection efforts and any default on the loan until the earlier of the completion of a $7 million capital raise or June 30, 2016.

Relationship with Serum Institute of India

Serum Institute of India (“Serum Institute”) currently owns 4.5% of the Company’s common stock. In the period from 2004 through 2011, the Company entered into an amended certain license and supply agreements with Serum Institute. The original license agreement with Serum Institute was a collaborative Development and Manufacturing Arrangement (“DMA”) to develop agreed upon potential commercial product candidates using the Company’s PolyXen™ technology. Following the 2011 amendment, which is still in effect, Serum Institute retained an exclusive license to use the Company’s PolyXen™ technology to research and develop one potential commercial product, Polysialylated Erythropoietin (“PSA-EPO”) in territories excluding the United States of America, European Economic Area, Japan, Russia, the Commonwealth of Independent States, South Korea and other certain territories. Serum Institute will be responsible for conducting all pre-clinical and clinical trials required to achieve regulatory approvals within the certain predetermined territories at Serum Institute’s own expense.

Manufacturing Agreement with Serum Institute of India

The 2011 amendment also provides for the supply of PSA by Serum Institute to the Company and its collaborative partners. Serum Institute has the non-exclusive right to supply PSA to the Company and the Company’s collaborative partners and customers on a cost-plus basis. On an individual basis, Serum Institute may enter into separate supply agreements with the Company and/or its collaborative partners for the purpose of providing a supply of PSA directly to the collaborative partners. Further, any agreement between Serum Institute and a collaborative partner shall not create any obligation or liability for the Company.

During 2015 and 2014, the Company recognized expense of approximately $115,000 and zero related to Serum Institute in respect of the supply of PSA or for the supply of PSA-EPO in respect of and for use in the Company’s ErepoXen™ human clinical trials being conducted in Australia.

Relationship with Pharmsynthez

Pharmsynthez currently owns 47.3% of the Company’s common stock. In November 2011, the Company entered into a collaborative research and development license agreement with Pharmsynthez (the “Pharmsynthez Arrangement”) pursuant to which the Company granted an exclusive license to Pharmsynthez to develop, commercialize and market six product candidates based on the Company’s PolyXen™ and ImuXen™ technology in certain territories. In exchange, Pharmsynthez granted an exclusive license to the Company to use any pre-clinical and clinical data developed by Pharmsynthez, within the scope of the Pharmsynthez Arrangement, and to engage in further research, development and commercialization of drug candidates outside of certain territories at the Company’s own expense.

Financing Agreements with Pharmsynthez

In July 2015, the Company entered into a Securities Purchase Agreement with Pharmsynthez providing for the issuance of certain promissory notes and certain warrants to purchase shares of the Company’s common stock.

In November 2015, the Company entered into an Asset Purchase Agreement (the “APA”) with AS Kevelt and Pharmsynthez. The APA provided for the transfer to the Company of certain intellectual property rights with respect to the immunomodulatory product candidate Virexxa® held by AS Kevelt In April 2016, the Company completed its purchase of the intellectual property rights associated with the APA and the Company issued 100,500,000 shares of common stock pursuant to the agreement.

The APA also provided for the Company’s issuance of certain convertible promissory notes and warrants to purchase shares of the Company’s common stock. During Q1 2016, the Company issued $3.5 million of convertible promissory notes to Pharmsynthez receiving $3.5 million in cash proceeds. In April 2016, Pharmsynthez converted all of its convertible promissory notes (both the July 2015 note and the Q1 2016 notes) and associated interest into 45,310,156 shares of common stock.

Relationship with Baxalta Incorporated

Baxalta Incorporated (“Baxalta”) currently owns approximately 4.2% of the Company’s common stock. The Company has entered into an exclusive research, development, license and supply agreement with Baxter SA and Baxter Healthcare Corporation (together referred to as “Baxter”) to develop products using the Company’s and Baxter’s proprietary technologies. The agreement with Baxter was originally entered into in August 2005 and has been amended several times, most recently in January 2014. The 2014 amendment resulted in increased development, regulatory, sales and deadline extension receipts, restructured target deadlines and royalty receipts on potential net sales. During June 2015, in connection with the separation of its biopharmaceuticals business to form Baxalta, Baxter assigned all of its rights and obligations under its existing agreement with the Company to Baxalta.

Baxalta Incorporated $10 Million Equity Investment in the Company

In connection with the January 2014 amendment, the Company entered into a stock purchase agreement with Baxalta (initially entered into with Baxter SA and subsequently transferred to Baxalta), pursuant to which the Company sold to Baxalta 10,695,187 shares of the Company’s common stock, par value $0.01 per share (the “Shares”) for $10 million. Pursuant to the stock purchase agreement, Baxalta agreed that until the earlier of (i) three months after the effective date of a listing of the Company’s common stock on the NASDAQ Stock Market or (ii) January 29, 2015 (such earlier date, the “Lock-Up Expiration Date”), Baxalta would not assign, transfer, sell or dispose of the Shares to any party other than a wholly owned subsidiary. In addition, Baxalta agreed that until the 12 month anniversary of the Lock-Up Expiration Date, it would not sell or offer to sell any shares of the Company’s common stock in an amount that would exceed 15% of the daily trading volume of Company’s common stock on the principal market or exchange on which the shares of Company’s common stock are traded, and in no event would Baxalta sell or offer to sell more than 15% of the Shares in any one month period. In October 2015, Baxalta agreed in writing to not sell any of its shares currently held before June 30, 2016 and then further to limit the sale of its shares in the Company for an additional six months (to December 2016) to a price of no less than $1.25 per share.

Consulting Services Agreement with Dr. Dmitry Genkin

Dr. Dmitry Genkin is party to a letter agreement with the Company under which he is entitled to an annual fee of £750 paid in quarterly installments for his services as Director of the Company. Dr. Genkin was appointed to the Board of Directors of the Company on September 24, 2015. During 2015, Dr. Genkin charged the Company approximately $1,000 in respect of director services provided. In addition, Dr. Genkin provides research and consulting services to the Company, for which he was paid by the Company approximately $73,000 during the year ended December 31, 2015.

Consulting Services Agreement with Dr. Timothy R. Coté

Dr. Timothy R. Coté is party to a letter agreement with the Company under which he is entitled to an annual fee of $25,000 paid in quarterly installments for his services as Director of the Company. Dr. Coté was appointed to the Board of Directors of the Company on February 7, 2014. In addition his agreement provides for payment of an additional annual fee of between $3,000 and $10,000 as compensation for attendance at up to four board meetings per year plus issuance of options to purchase up to 50,000 shares of our common stock, subject to certain vesting requirements. Dr. Coté did not stand for re-election as a director of the Board on September 24, 2015.

Under his agreement, Dr. Coté’s consulting firm, Coté Orphan Drug Consulting, LLC (“CODC”), shall have the exclusive right to advise the Company on all orphan drug filings with the U.S. Food and Drug Administration for so long as Dr. Coté remains a member of the Board of Directors. During 2015, Dr. Coté charged the Company $18,750 in respect of director services provided and $4,000 for advisory services related to certain orphan drug filings.

Director Independence

Presently, we are not required to comply with the director independence requirements of any securities exchange and have not adopted formal independence standards.

ITEM 14 – PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTING FEES AND SERVICES

The following table sets forth the Company’s fees billed for services rendered by our current auditors, Marcum LLP, and our former auditors, Ernst & Young LLP, United Kingdom in 2015 and 2014. All fees described below were approved by our Board of Directors.

Audit Fees

Audit fees include the total fees incurred in connection with the audit of our annual consolidated financial statements for each of the years ended December 31, 2015 and 2014.

Audit-Related Fees

Audit-related fees during the years ended December 31, 2015 and 2014 include the total fees incurred in connection with consulting services concerning financial accounting and reporting requirements in contemplation of the Company’s transition to a U.S. Securities Exchange Commission registrant.

Tax Fees

Tax fees include the total fees incurred in connection with tax compliance and general advisory services provided during the years ended December 31, 2015 and 2014.

Audit and Non-Audit Services Pre-Approval Policy

The Audit Committee pre-approves all audit and non-audit accounting services provided by our independent, registered accounting firm.

Pursuant to the Board of Directors’ policy, to help ensure the independence of our independent registered public accounting firm, all auditing services and permitted non-audit services (including the terms thereof) to be performed for us by our independent registered public accounting firm must be pre-approved by the Board of Directors, subject to the de-minimis exceptions for non-audit services described in Section 10A(i)(1)(B) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, which are approved by the Board of Directors prior to the commencement of services.

Our Audit Committee approved and retained Marcum LLP to audit our consolidated financial statements for 2015. Our Audit Committee reviewed all services provided by Marcum LLP in 2015 and concluded that the services provided were compatible with maintaining its independence.

PART IV

ITEM 15 – EXHIBITS AND FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULES

SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, this report has been signed below by the following persons on behalf of the registrant and in the capacities indicated below on the 29th day of April, 2016.

EXHIBIT INDEX